OT1 Flashcards by Andrea Leong

It is rough because imbedded in the membrane are ribosomes. It is the site of the synthesis of secretory proteins.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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It is the site for the synthesis of lipids, phospholipids, and steroids

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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These organelles are the sites of respiration and
convert the chemical energy of sugars and other organic compounds into the high-energy phosphate bonds of an ATP molecule.

Mitochondria

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It is a macronutrient element that is used to form
amino acids cysteine and methionine. They are found in vitamins such as thiamine and biotin.

Sulfur

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This polymeric molecule is the crystallizable form of starch, consisting of long unbranched polysaccharide chains

Amylose

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It is the noncrystallizable form of starch, consisting of branched polysaccharide chains

Amylopectin

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This an insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers.

Cellulose

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It is an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of specified molecules or groups by a double bond

Lyases (googled)

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The two purines are Adenine and __________

Guanine

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The main biological function of a nitrogenous base is to bond _______________ together. A nitrogenous, or nitrogen-containing base is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base

Nucleic acids

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_____________________- a sequence of three nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA moelcule

Codon

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________________________is a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.

Anticodon

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______________ a triplet of bases in mRNA with the sequence AUG that acts as a ‘start’ signal for TRANSLATION, specifying the first amino acid at the N-terminus of the POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN

Initiation codon (initiation sequence marked incorrect)

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What is the initiation codon?

AUG

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Give one of the three termination codons?

UAG;
UAA; or
UGA

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The initiation codon corresponds to what amino acid?

Methionine

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This amino acid molecule is _____________. It is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is a a constituent of most proteins. It is an essential nutrient in the diet of vertebrates and the start amino acid in biological protein synthesis

Methionine

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This molecule is __________. a compound found in living
tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with guanine in double-stranded DNA.

Cytosine

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This molecule is __________. a compound which is one of the four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A pyrimidine derivative. It is paired with adenine in double-stranded DNA

Thymine

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This molecule is ____________________. a compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of RNA. In DNA its place is taken by thymine.

Uracil

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____________________ is a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. These organisms include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.

Prokaryotes

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_________ are organisms whose cells have a nucleous enclosed within a nuclear envelope

Eukaryotes

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In cell biology, the___________________ is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is generally considered the control center of the cell because it stores all of the genetic instructions for manufacturing
proteins.

Nucleus

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The ___________ is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cells before the vesicles are sent to their destination.

Golgi complex

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___________________________ a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. These molecules form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. An example is Adenosine monophosphate.

Nucleotide

_____________ are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group. This molecule consists simply of a nucleobase (also termed a nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (ribose or 2'-deoxyribose

Nucleosides

The two types of Main Nitrogen Bases are purines and ________________________.

Pyrimidine

_____________________ are proteins that act as biological catalysts (biocatalysts). Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the biocatalyst converts the substrates into different molecules known as products.

Enyzmes

___________ are a class of lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases, a set of aliphatic amino alcohols that includes sphingosine

Sphingolipids

____________ also known as phosphatides, are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group, and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by a glycerol molecule. Marine phosphatides, typically have omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA integrated as part of the phosphatide molecule

Phospholipids

This essential fatty acid is ______________, CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3C 20:5 n-3

Eicosopentaenoic acid

This essential fatty acid is ___________, CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH, 18:3 n-3

Linolenic acid

This essential fatty acid is _____________, 22:6 n-3

Docosohexaenoic acid (marked as wrong)

The backbone structural component of steroids is ______________________________.

Perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene

This essential fatty acid is ______________. CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 18:2 w-6

B. linoleic acid

This essential fatty acid is ______________CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH 20:5 w -3

A. Eicospentaenoic

1. This essential fatty acid is ______________ CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH, 18:3 w -3 a. Oleic acid b. linoleic acid c. linolenic acid d. stearic acid

Linolenic acid

This essential fatty acid is _____________, 22:6 n-3

Docoso hexaenoic acid (docosohexaenoic acid marked as wrong)

This essential fatty acid is _____________, 22:6 n-3

Docoso hexaenoic acid (docosohexaenoic acid marked as wrong)

In protein sequencing, the enzyme that hydrolysis the basic amino acid is ___________________ a. Chymotrypsin b. Trypsin c. endopetidase d. internal peptide bonds

Trypsin

In protein sequencing, the enzyme that hydrolysis the aromatic amino acids is _______________. a. Chymotrypsin b. Trypsin c. endopetidase d. internal peptide bonds

Chymotrypsin

In protein synthesis, the reagent used to protect the amine side is ____________________-. a. Dicyclohexylcarbiimide (DCC) c. tert-butoxycarbonyl amide (BOC) derivatives b. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate d. methanol

Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate

In protein synthesis, the reagent used to protect the carboxylic side is ___________________. a. Dicyclohexylcarbiimide (DCC) c. tert-butoxycarbonyl amide (BOC) derivatives b. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate d. methanol

d. methanol

In protein synthesis, the reagent used to deprotect the carboxylic side is _________________. a. Dicyclohexylcarbiimide (DCC) c. dilute sodium hydroxide b. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate d. triflouroacetic acid

c. dilute sodium hydroxide

In protein synthesis, the mixture or protected amino acids is reacted to form peptide bonds in the presence of ___________________. a. Dicyclohexylcarbiimide (DCC) c. tert-butoxycarbonyl amide (BOC) derivatives b. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate d. methanol

a. Dicyclohexylcarbiimide (DCC)

Which of microbes are incapable of self-replication? a. Bacteria b. Protozoans c. Yeasts d. Viruses

d. Viruses

Which of the following statements about microbes is false? a. Microbes are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. b. Microbes are considerably less diverse than macroscopic organisms such as plants and animals. c. Most microbes do not cause disease. d. Microbes are found everywhere; in soils, water, food, and on other organisms. e. Microbes include both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

c. Most microbes do not cause disease.

Spherically-shaped bacteria are called: a. Bacilli b. Spirals c. Pleomorphic d. Cocci e. Filaments

d. Cocci

How do bacteria divide? a. Binary fission b. Mitosis c. Meiosis d. Any of the above e. Both B and C, but no A.

a. Binary fission

Which of the following reproduces by budding? a. Diatom b. Plasmodium c. Ciliate d. Yeast e. Mold

d. Yeast

Which of the following types of microorganisms and its example is not correctly matched? a. Helminths-muticellular animals b. Fungi-eukaryotic c. Bacteria-eukaryotic d. Protozoa-small animals

c. Bacteria-eukaryotic

The first observations of bacteria were made by a. Hook b. Needham c. Van Leeuwenhoek d. Pasteur

c. Van Leeuwenhoek

Pasteurization is used for all of the following purposes except which a. To remove pathogens from food b. To increase shelf-life of food c. To remove all microorganisms from food d. To remove spoilage microbes from food

c. To remove all microorganisms from food

In the scientific name, Escherichia coli, Escherichia is the a. genus b. family c. species d. class

a. genus

Which of the following is not the characteristic of bacteria a. Cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan b. All are pathogenic c. Most posses cell walls d. All are unicellular

All are pathogenic

All of the following are examples of biotechnology excepts which one a. Antibiotic production of bacteria b. Bread-making with fungi and bacteria c. Enzyme production by bacteria and fungi d. Bacteria that cause disease

d. Bacteria that cause disease

Which of the following was the most significant difference in the experiments that resulted in Pasteur’s proof of biogenesis being excepted over Needham’s proof? a. Microbes were never grown in broth b. Air was present c. The broth could support life d. Microbes did not grow until the broth was inoculated

d. Microbes did not grow until the broth was inoculated

Which of the following statements about bacteria is not true a. The only good bacterium is a dead bacterium b. Bacteria are essential to the presence of life on earth c. Bacteria are used to make some foods d. Everyone has bacteria in and on the body

a. The only good bacterium is a dead bacterium

All of the following are beneficial uses of microorganisms except which one? a. Recycling elements in the environment b. Decomposing sewage c. Producing foods and chemicals d. None of the above

d. None of the above

Which one of the following is an example of bioremediation? a. Use of cowpox virus vaccinate against smallpox b. Use of Pseudomonas to remove uranium from soil and weapons depots c. Use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to make wine d. Use of Bacillus thurigiensis to kill crop-eating insects

b. Use of Pseudomonas to remove uranium from soil and weapons depots

OT1 Flashcards

(60 cards)