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PBL 2 Pharm > Other 1-Liners > Flashcards

Other 1-Liners Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

Agent that is a partial agonist for the 5-HT1A receptor

A

Buspirone

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2
Q

Agent similar to cisplatin, less nephrotoxic, but greater myelosuppression

A

Carboplatin

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3
Q

Agents having higher sedation and antimuscarinic effects than other TCA’s

A

Tertiary amines

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4
Q

Alkylating agent that produces disulfiram-like reaction with ethanol

A

Procarbazine

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5
Q

Alkylating agent, vesicant that causes tissue damage with extravasation

A

Mechlorethamine

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6
Q

All antidepressants have roughly the same efficacy in treating depression, agents are chosen based on these criterion

A

Side-effect profile and prior pt response

Yes, I know - there are only two…

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7
Q

Aminoglycoside that is least ototoxic

A

Streptomycin

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8
Q

Amphetamine agents

A

Dextroamphetamines and methamphetamine

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9
Q

Analog of hypoxanthine, needs HGPRTase for activation

A

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)

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10
Q

Anti-androgen used for prostate cancer

A

Flutamide (Eulexin)

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11
Q

Anti-viral agents associated with Stephen Johnson syndrome

A

Nevirapine, amprenavir

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12
Q

Anti-viral with a dose limiting toxicity of pancreatitis

A

Didanosine

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13
Q

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

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14
Q

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis

A

Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin

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15
Q

Antibiotic causing red-man syndrome, and prevention

A

Vancomycin, can be prevented by infusion
at a slow rate and antihistamines

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16
Q

Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide

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17
Q

Antidepressant also used for sleep that causes priapism

A

Trazodone

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18
Q

Antidepressant associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Amoxapine

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19
Q

Antidepressant associated with seizures and cardiotoxicity

A

Maprotiline

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20
Q

Antidepressant having stimulant effects similar to SSRI’s and can increase blood pressure

A

Venlafaxine

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21
Q

Antidepressant inhibiting norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine reuptake

A

Venlafaxine

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22
Q

Antidepressant which is inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes and may be associated with hepatic failure

A

Nefazodone

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23
Q

Antidepressant with MOA as alpha 2 antagonist, has effects on both 5-HT and NE, blocks histamine receptors, and is sedating

A

Mirtazapine

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24
Q

Antivirals associated with neutropenia

A

Ganciclovir, zidovudine, saquinavir, and interferon

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25
Antivirals that are teratogens
Delavirdine, efavirenz, and ribavirin
26
Cephalosporin causes kernicterus in neonates
Ceftriaxone or cefuroxime
27
Cephalosporins able to cross the BBB
Cefixime (2nd) and 3rd generation
28
Class of antibiotics that have 10% cross sensitivity with penicillins
Cephalosporins
29
Common toxicities of cisplatin
Nephro and ototoxicity
30
Condition will result from in combination of MAOI with tyramine containing foods (ex. wine, cheese, and pickled meats)
Hypertensive crisis
31
Constant proportion of cell population killed rather than a constant number
Log-kill hypothesis
32
Converts asparagine to aspartate and ammonia, denies cancer cells of essential AA (asparagine)
L-asparaginase
33
DOC for CMV retinitis
Ganciclovir
34
Drug causes teeth discoloration
Tetracycline
35
Drug increases the renal clearance hence decreases levels of lithium
Theophylline
36
Drug notorious for causing pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
37
Drug of choice for generalized anxiety disorder, NOT effective in acute anxiety
Buspirone
38
Drug of choice for Legionnaires' disease
Azithromycin (or macrolides)
39
Drug of choice for leprosy
Dapsone
40
Drug that causes gray baby syndrome and aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol
41
Drug used concurrently with toxic anticancer agents to reduce renal precipitation of urates
Allopurinol
42
Drug used for African sleeping sickness
Suramin
43
Drug used in cancer therapy causes Cushing-like symptoms
Prednisone
44
Drug used in Chagas disease
Nifurtimox
45
Drug used in exoerythrocytic cycle of malaria
Primaquine
46
Example of three antidepressants that are indicated for obsessive compulsive disorder
Clomipramine, fluoxetine and fluvoxamine
47
Except for these agents all SSRI have significant inhibition of CytP450 enzymes
Citalopram and its metabolite escitalopram
48
HIV med used to reduce transmission during birth
AZT (zidovudine)
49
Lactam that can be used in PCN allergic patients
Aztreonam
50
Lithium is associated with this congenital defect
Cardiac anomalies and is contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation
51
Major route of elimination for Lithium
Kidneys
52
MAOI should not be administered with SSRI's or potent TCA's due to development of this condition
Serotonin syndrome
53
Mechanism of action of macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin)
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to domain V of 23S rRNA of 50S ribosome subunit
54
Mechanism of action of tetracycline
Decreases protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosome and prevent binding of tRNA to A site
55
Metronidazole SE if given with alcohol
Disulfiram-like reaction
56
Microtubule inhibitor that causes peripheral neuropathy, foot drop (eg. ataxia), and "pins and needles" sensation
Vincristine
57
MOA of cisplatin
Alkylating agent
58
MOA of nystatin
Bind ergosterol in fungal cell membrane
59
MOA of penicillin
Block cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase and block peptidoglycan cross-linkage
60
MOPP regimen used in Hodgkin's disease (HD)
Mechlorethamine+ oncovorin (vincristine)+ procarbazine, and prednisone
61
Most useful in patients with significant anxiety, phobic features, hypochondriasis, and resistant depression
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
62
Neurotoxicity with isoniazid (INH) prevented by
Administration of Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)
63
Neurotransmitters affected by the action of antidepressants
Norepinephrine and serotonin
64
Nitrosoureas with high lipophilicity, used for brain tumors
Carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU)
65
Oral antibiotic of choice for moderate inflammatory acne
Minocycline
66
PCN active against pseudomonas
Carbenicillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin
67
Penicillins active against penicillinase secreting bacteria
Methicillin, nafcillin, and dicloxacillin
68
Population group especially sensitive to side effects of antidepressants
Elderly patients
69
Prevention of cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Hydration and mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA)
70
Pyrimidine analog that causes "Thiamine-less death" given with leucovorin rescue
5-flouracil (5-FU)
71
Reason fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy
Cartilage damage
72
Regimen used for breast cancer
CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) and tamoxifen if ER+
73
Regimen used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
CHOP (cyclophosphamide, oncovin(vincristine), doxorubicin and prednisone), rituximab (rituxan)
74
SE for ganciclovir
Myelosuppression
75
SE of imipenem
Seizures
76
SE of INH
Peripheral neuritis and hepatitis
77
SE of mirtazapine
Liver toxicity, increased serum cholesterol
78
SE seen only in men with administration of ketoconazole
Gynecomastia
79
Secondary amines that have less sedation and more excitation effect
Nortriptyline, Desipramine
80
Sedation is a common side effect of these drugs, they lower seizure threshold, uses include BAD, acute panic attacks, phobias, enuresis, and chronic pain and their overdose can be deadly
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
81
Side effect of Mitomycin
SEVERE myelosuppression
82
Some cell cycle non-specific drugs
Alkylating agents (eg., mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide), antibiotics (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), cisplatin, nitrosourea
83
Some cell cycle specific anti-cancer drugs
Bleomycin, vinca alkaloids, antimetabolites (eg., 5-FU, 6-MP, methotrexate, etoposide)
84
Some of SSRIs' therapeutic effects beside depression
Panic attacks, social phobias, bulimia nervosa, and PMDD premenstrual dysphoric disorder), OCD
85
SSRI indicated for premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Fluoxetine (Sarafem)
86
SSRI with long T1/2 and can be administered once weekly for maintenance, not acute tx
Fluoxetine
87
SSRI's less likely to cause a withdrawal syndrome
Fluoxetine
88
TCA used in chronic pain, a hypnotic, and has marked antimuscarinic effects
Amitriptyline
89
TCA used in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), most significant of TCA's for risk of seizure, weight gain, and neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms
Clomipramine
90
TCA with greatest sedation of this group, and marked antimuscarinic effects, used for sleep
Doxepin
91
Three C's associated with TCA toxicity
Coma, Convulsions, Cardiac problems (arrhythmias and wide QRS)
92
Tolerance is marked and abstinence syndrome occurs
Amphetamines
93
Topical DOC in impetigo
Topical mupirocin (Bactroban)
94
Toxic effect of anticancer drug can be lessened by rescue agents
Rescue therapy
95
Toxicities include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, leading to a severe interaction with aminoglycosides
Cisplatin
96
Toxicity of amphotericin
Nephrotoxicity
97
Treatment of resistant pseudomembranous colitis
ORAL vancomycin
98
Treatment with cancer chemotherapy at high doses every 3-4 weeks, too toxic to be used continuously
Pulse therapy
99
Two toxicities of aminoglycosides
nephro and ototoxicity
100
Type of resistance found with vancomycin
Point mutation
101
Used for hairy cell leukemia; it stimulates NK cells
Interferon alpha
102
Usual time needed for full effect of antidepressant therapy
2 to 3 weeks
103
Well-tolerated and are first-line antidepressants
SSRI's, bupropion, and venlafaxine

PBL 2 Pharm (2 decks)

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