Other

Question 1

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 1

• severe type 1 hypersensitivity reaction involving IgE stimulating mast cells to release histamine and other pro-inflammatory chemicals.

Question 2

How does anaphylaxis present?

Answer 2

history of exposure to an allergen

• urticaria
• itching
• angio-oedema
• abdominal pain
• SOB
• wheeze
• swelling of larynx causing stridor
• tachycardia
• light-headedness
• collapse

Question 3

How should anaphylaxis be managed?

Answer 3

ABCDE

1. Secure the airway
2. Provide O2 if required, salbutamol for wheezing
3. IV bolus of fluid

• IM adrenalin
• antihistamines (chlorphenamine or cetirrzine)
• steroids (IV hydrocortisone)
• measure serum mast cell tryptase within 6 hours of the event