other

Question 1

HOW MANY GOC STANDARDS OF PRACTICE ARE THERE?

Answer 1

19

Question 2

GIVE EXAMPLES OF GOC STANDARDS OF PRACTICE

Answer 2

obtain valid consent
show care + compassion for your pxs
keep knowledge + skills up to date
maintain adequate px records
be honest + trustworthy
ensure safe environment for your pxs

Question 3

CATARACT SURGERY RISKS

Answer 3

1 in 50 - some complication (VA poorer than expected)
1 in 100 - more serious complication (e.g., CMO)
1 in 1000 - very serious complication (blindness in 1 eye)
1 in 10,000 - devastating complication (loss of 1 eye)

Question 4

normal VF extent

Answer 4

superior - 60
inferior - 70
temporal - 100
nasal - 60

Question 5

where is blind spot from centre?

Answer 5

15 degrees temporally

Question 6

static VF advantages

Answer 6

less sensitive to operator variability
allows for rapid field screening
data can be used for numerical analysis

Question 7

static VF disadvantages

Answer 7

less flexible
supra-threshold relies on good threshold
full threshold can be time-consuming and difficult for px

Question 8

kinetic VF advantages

Answer 8

more control over exam - can check any area at any speed

allows examiner to adjust test to suit px

Question 9

kinetic VF disadvantages

Answer 9

time consuming, poor for screening

flexibility makes it difficult to replicate results

less sensitive and relies on px too much

Question 10

where is lesion likely to be if VF defect congruous?

Answer 10

more posterior i.e., post chiasmal
lesion

Question 11

what can cause an enlarged blind spot?

Answer 11

optic neuritis
optic disc drusen
papilloedema
glaucoma

Question 12

what causes a bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 12

lesion at the optic chiasm / pituitary gland tumour

Question 13

optic tract lesion will cause what VF defect?

Answer 13

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Question 14

VF defect of lesion at temporal lobe

Answer 14

“pie in sky”

homonymous superior quadrantopia

Question 15

VF defect of lesion at parietal lobe

Answer 15

“pie on the floor”

homonymous inferior quadrantopia

Question 16

what respects horizontal and vertical midline?

Answer 16

retinal lesions (e.g., BRVO) respects horizontal midline due to distribution of RNFL

neurological defects respect the vertical midline due to arrangement of the nasal/ temporal fibres in pathway

Question 17

GLAUCOMA VF DEFECTS

Answer 17

nasal step
temporal wedge
paracentral
arcuate scotoma
tunnel vision
enlarged blind spot

Question 18

SHEARDS CRITERION

Answer 18

if more than half our fusional reserves need to be used to control the phoria then visual system will be under stress and phoria decompensated

Question 19

explaining possible BV anomaly to parent

Answer 19

long sightedness = eye too short = light focuses behind retina

eyes have to focus more and work harder to see clearly

sooner child is treated = more likely to have good vision

Question 20

sensory sequelae of manifest strabismus

Answer 20

strabismus develops - diplopia and confusion (rapidly ignored in young children)

ignorance = suppression; some children adapt and develop ARC which leads to abnormal BSV

Question 21

ARC

Answer 21

abnormal retinal correspondence = when the fovea of one eye has a common visual direction with an extrafoveal area in the other eye

Question 22

mean deviation vs pattern standard

Answer 22

mean deviation = mean difference between normal expected hill of vision vs patients

PSD = considers generalised loss