Other

Question 1

Gubernaculum (male)

Answer 1

• fibrous tract
• pulls testes of fetus down through inguinal canal/deep inguinal ring
• degenerates at birth

Question 2

Processus vaginalis (male)

Answer 2

• pocket/diverticulum
• creates pathway for descending testes (snowplow in front of the car)
• degenerates at birth and becomes tunica vaginalis

Question 3

External Spermatic fascia derived from ________

Answer 3

external oblique muscles

Question 4

Cremasteric fascia derived from ________

Answer 4

internal oblique muscles

Question 5

Internal spermatic fascia derived from ________

Answer 5

transversalis fascia

Question 6

Median umbilical fold contains ________

Answer 6

obliterated urachus (left over from embryonic development)

Question 7

Medial umbilical fold contains _______

Answer 7

• non-patent umbilical arteries left over from fetal development
• bilateral structure

Question 8

Lateral umbilical fold contains ________

Answer 8

• inferior epigastric artery and vein

- bilateral structure

Question 9

Retroperitoneal Organ Structures

Answer 9

S uprarenal gland
A orta/IVC
D uodenum (2nd and 3rd parts only)
P ancreas (except tail)
U reters
C olon (ascending and descending)
K idneys
R ectum

Question 10

Viscera derived from embryonic foregut (9)

Answer 10

• Lungs
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Upper Duadenum (1+2)
• Liver
• Gallbladder/Bile duct
• Pancreas
• Spleen

Question 11

Viscera derived from embryonic midgut (7)

Answer 11

• lower duodenum (2,3,4)
• Jejunum
• Ileum
• Cecum
• Appendix
• Ascending Colon
• Transverse colon (proximal 2/3)

Question 12

Viscera derived from embryonic hindgut (6)

Answer 12

• Transverse colon (distal 1/3)
• Descending colon
• Sigmoid colon
• Rectum
• Upper anal canal
• Urogenital Sinus

Question 13

Obliterated Umbilical artery is covered by the _______ fold

Answer 13

medial umbilical fold

Question 14

Urogenital Folds develop into _______ (male) and _______ (female)

Answer 14

Shaft of penis

Labia Minora

Question 15

Labioscrotal folds develop into _______ (male) and _______ (female)

Answer 15

Scrotum

Labia Majora

Question 16

Urethral Plate develop into _______ (male) and _______ (female)

Answer 16

Penile urethra

Vestibule

Question 17

Genital Tubercle develop into _______ (male) and _______ (female)

Answer 17

Glans penis

Glans clitoris

Question 18

Urogenital Ridge –> _______, _________, ________

Answer 18

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

Question 19

Pronephros

Answer 19

3rd week, cervical region, non-functional

Question 20

Mesonephros

Answer 20

4th-10th week, Thoracic and Lumbar region, functional, temporary

Question 21

Metanephros

Answer 21

permanent, functional, pelvic region

5th week begin to develop, functional by week 10

Question 22

Mesonephric duct

Answer 22

• drain urine into developing bladder

- In males, develops into epididymus and vas deferens (when it connects to seminiferous tubules)

Question 23

Metanephric Blastema

Answer 23

–> nephrons

Question 24

Embryo is bipotential/ambisexual until week _____

Answer 24

6

Question 25

Cord Cells develop into _______ (male) and _______ (female)

Answer 25

Sertoli cells | Follicular cells

Question 26

Mesenchyme cells develop into _______ (male) and _______ (female)

Answer 26

Leydig cells | Stromal cells

Question 27

Mullerian ducts: cranial --> _________ and caudal --> ___________

Answer 27

``` cranial = do not fuse, fallopian tubes caudal = fuse, uterus, and then vagina ```

Question 28

Cranial fold creates __________ and __________

Answer 28

pericardioperitoneal canal and primitive pericardial cavity

Question 29

Primitive pericardial cavity becomes __________ and ________ with ___________ folds

Answer 29

Pericardial cavity and Pleural cavity | Pleuropericardial folds

Question 30

Pericardioperitoneal canals close with ____________

Answer 30

Pleuropericardial folds

Question 31

Diaphragm developed from:

Answer 31

``` Septum transversum Pleuroperitoneal membrane Dorsal mesentary of esophagus Body wall mesoderm Somites from paraxial mesoderm (C3-C5) ```

Question 32

Vasculogenic cell clusters --> __________

Answer 32

endocardial tube

Question 33

Endocardial tubes (R/L) fuse to form ____________

Answer 33

primitive heart tube

Question 34

Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 34

bypass pulmonary circulation | --> Ligamentum Arteriosum

Question 35

Foramen Ovale

Answer 35

bypass pulmonary circulation | --> Fossa Ovalis

Question 36

Ductus Venosus

Answer 36

bypass hepatic portal system | --> Ligamentum venosum

Question 37

Umbilical vein

Answer 37

deliver O2 blood from placenta to fetus | --> Round Ligament (ligamentum teres)

Question 38

Umbilical arteries

Answer 38

deliver blood from fetus to placenta | --> Medial Ligaments

Question 39

Lung bud is derived from

Answer 39

ventral outpocketing of FOREGUT

Question 40

__________ separates the esophagus from the lung bud/trachea

Answer 40

tracheoesophageal ridge/septum

Question 41

Pseudoglandular stage

Answer 41

developing lung tissue resembles glands

Question 42

Canalicular stage

Answer 42

terminal sacs start to form but no enough or mature enough for gas exchange

Question 43

Terminal sac stage

Answer 43

increased number of terminal sacs and alveoli that can perform gas exchange

Question 44

Alveolar stage

Answer 44

drastic increase in alveoli