Unit II Practice Questions Flashcards by Madison Lyon

The descending (thoracic) aorta passes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the left main bronchus.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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The descending (thoracic) aorta is typically positioned \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the thoracic vertebral bodies.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. lateral (left)
D. lateral (right)

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The internal thoracic artery and vein are positioned directly 		 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the first six costal cartilages.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. medial
D. lateral

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The right posterior intercostal arteries pass \_\_\_\_\_ to the vertebral bodies.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary artery is positioned 			 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the primary bronchus.
A. anterioor
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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6. At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary arteries are positioned \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the primary bronchus.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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The left phrenic nerve passes 		 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the root of the lung.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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The left phrenic nerve is positioned \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the pericardial sac.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. lateral
D. superior

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Adjacent to the ligamentum arteriosum, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes directly 		 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the arch of the aorta.
A. superior
B. inferior
C. anterior
D. posterior

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The left vagus nerve passes directly \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the arch of the aorta.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. medial
D. lateral

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The left vagus nerve passes 		 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the left main bronchus.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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The right phrenic nerve is positioned \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the superior vena cava.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. medial
D. lateral

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The right vagus nerve passes 		 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the right main bronchus.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. lateral

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The azygos vein (arch) passes 		  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the right main bronchus before draining into the superior vena cava.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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At the hilum of the left lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned  		 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the main bronchus.
A. anterior and superior
B. anterior and inferior
C. posterior and superior
D. posterior and inferior

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At the hilum of the right lung, the pulmonary veins are positioned  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the main bronchus.
A. anterior and superior
B. anterior and inferior
C. posterior and superior
D. posterior and inferior

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The superior vena cava is positioned \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the ascending aorta.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. medial
D. lateral

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The esophagus is positioned 		 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the trachea.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. medial
D. lateral

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The esophagus passes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the left main bronchus.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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The thoracic duct is positioned \_\_\_\_\_\_ to the thoracic vertebral bodies.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. lateral (left)
D. lateral (right)

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The gastroduodenal artery passes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the first segment of the duodenum.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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The hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct pass \_\_\_\_\_\_ to the epiploic foramen.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. superior
D. inferior

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The splenic artery passes \_\_\_\_\_\_ to the fundus of the stomach.
A. anterior
B. posterior
C. medial
D. lateral

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The splenic artery and vein are typically positioned \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the body and tail of the pancreas.
A. anterior and superior
B. anterior and inferior
C. posterior and superior
D. posterior and inferior

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``` The superior mesenteric artery and vein are positioned _______ to the neck or body of the pancreas. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior ```

``` The superior mesenteric artery passes directly ______ to the left renal vein. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior ```

``` The right renal artery passes directly ______ to the inferior vena cava. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The right testicular artery passes directly ______ to the inferior vena cava. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The right testicular artery and vein pass directly _______ to the right ureter. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The inferior vena cava is positioned ______ to the caudate lobe of the liver. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The splenic vein passes ______ to the stomach. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. lateral ```

``` The left renal vein passes directly ______ to the abdominal aorta. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The left renal vein passes directly _______ to the superior mesenteric artery. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The gall bladder is positioned _______ to the quadrate lobe of the liver. A. anterior B posterior. C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The common bile duct passes _______ to the first segment of the duodenum. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior ```

``` The third segment of the duodenum passes ______ to the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The pudendal nerve, and internal pudendal artery and vein all pass ________ to the sacrospinous ligament (or ischial spine). A. superficial B. deep C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The lumbosacral trunk passes _____ to the ala of the sacrum. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The ovary is typically positioned _______ to the uterine tube. A. anterior and superior B. anterior and inferior C. posterior and superior D. posterior and inferior ```

``` The rectum is positioned _____ to the vagina and cervix. A. anterior B. posterior C. lateral (right) D. lateral (left) ```

``` The ureter passes _______ to the uterine artery. A. superior and anterior B. superior and posterior C. inferior and anterior D. inferior and posterior ```

``` The urethra is positioned _____ to the vagina. A. anterior B. posterior C. lateral (left) D. lateral (right) ```

``` The uterus (cervix) is positioned ______ to the bladder. A. anterior B. posterior C. lateral (left) D. lateral (right) ```

``` The perineal body (central tendon) is positioned ______ to the vagina. A. anterior B. posterior C. lateral (left) D. lateral (right) ```

``` The levator ani muscle is positioned ______ to the obturator internus muscle. A. superior B. inferior C. medial D. lateral ```

``` The deep dorsal vein of the penis passes _____ to the pubic symphysis. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior ```

``` The prostate is positioned ______ to the bladder. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior ```

``` The bulb of the penis is positioned directly ______ to the urogenital diaphragm. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior ```

``` The prostate is positioned ______ to the urogenital diaphragm. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior ```

``` The rectum is positioned ______ to the prostate. A. anterior B. posterior C. lateral (left) D. lateral (right) ```

``` The ampulla of the ductus deferens is positioned _____ to the bladder. A. superior B. inferior C. anterior D. posterior ```

``` The ampulla of the ductus deferens is positioned posterior and ______ to the prostate. A. anterior and superior B. anterior and inferior C. posterior and superior D. posterior and inferior ```

``` The seminal vesicle is positioned _____ to the ampulla of the ductus deferens. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral ```

Which of the following changes occurs at birth? A. Blood pressure in the right atrium becomes significantly higher than in the left atrium B. Ductus venosus shunts blood from the aorta into the pulmonary trunk C. Resistance to blood flow into the pulmonary arteries is significantly reduced D. Right ventricle pumps blood exclusively into the systemic circulation E. Significant amount of blood regurgitates from the ventricles into atria

Pericardioperitoneal canals: A. allow communication between abdominal and thoracic cavities B. allow lengthening and looping of the endocardial tubes C. are located dorsal to the cardiogenic area before embryonic folding D. are the openings into the omental bursa E. provide space for the neural tube development

``` Central tendon of the diaphragm derives from the: A. dorsal mesentery. B. pleuroperitoneal membrane. C. proximal midgut. D. septum transversum. E. ventral pancreatic bud. ```

Fusion of the right and left endocardial tubes form: A. the primitive heart tube. B. the dorsal aorta. C. during the 2nd week. D. caudal to septum transversum in 3rd week. E. in the septum transversum.

``` In a patient lying supine, ascites (peritoneal fluid) is most often found in the omental bursa due to gravity and fluid moving into this space through the: A. ampulla of Vater. B. cystic duct. C. epiploic foramen (of Winslow). D. lesser peritoneal sac. E. lienorenal ligament. ```

``` Which of the following first returns to the body from the physiological herniation? A. Cecum B. Cloaca C. Bile duct D. Jejunum E. Pancreas ```

Which of the following is true for transformation of the foregut? A. Dorsal mesogastrium drapes over the transverse colon B. Omental bursa forms from elongation of the ventral mesogastrium C. Pancreas rotates to the right side of the duodenum D. Splanchnic lateral mesoderm gives rise to the myenteric plexus E. Stomach rotates to the right and cephalic direction

Which of the following is true for the midgut? A. Appendix arises from it B. Attached to the dorsal body wall by greater omentum C. It loops out into the umbilical cord and rotates to the left D. Main blood supply is from branches of the celiac trunk E. None of the above

Which of the following is true? A. Accessory pancreatic duct is found in the uncinate process B. Duodenum is derived from the septum transversum C. Gall bladder is derived from the midgut diverticulum D. Liver develops in the dorsal mesentery E. Ventral pancreatic bud is supplied by branches of the celiac trunk

``` At 5th week of embryonic development, which of the following is functional? A. Pronephros B. Mesonephros C. Metanephros D. Prostate gland E. Allantois ```

``` Which of the following gives rise to the seminal vesicles? A. Endoderm of the urogenital sinus B. Genital tubercle C. Allantois D. Mesonephric duct E. Labioscrotal folds ```

``` In the 5th week of development, mesonephric ducts fail to form on both sides of an embryo. Which of the following conditions would you expect to see in the new born? A. Accessory renal arteries B. Bilateral renal agenesis C. Pelvic kidney D. Polycystic kidney disease E. Ambiguous genitalia ```

``` Labia minora are: A. derived from the urogenital folds. B. homologous to the male scrotum. C. derived from fusion of the caudal paramesonephric ducts. D. homologous to glans penis. E. the remnants of mesonephric ducts. ```

A genetically male embryo has a mutation that renders paramesonephric ducts insensitive to AMH/MIF, which of the following is the likely phenotype of this embryo at the third trimester? A. Develop female external genitalia B. Male genital ducts do not develop C. More susceptible to developing Wilm’s tumor D. Ovaries instead of testes E. Uterus develops

The ______ is a remnant of the fetal _____, an arterial shunt between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch .

ligamentum arteriosum, ductus arteriosus

The middle cardiac vein drains into the coronary sinus, whereas the ______ and the venae cordis minimae drain into the right atrium .

anterior cardiac veins

The paranchyma (glandular tissue) of the mammary gland is located within the _______ (layer) of the anterior chest wall overlying the serratus anterior and ______ muscles.

superficial fascia, pectoralis major

The parietal and visceral layers of the pleura are continuous at the ______ of the lung.

root

The left, _______ and ______ lobes of the liver typically receive their primary arterial blood supply from branches of the left hepatic artery.

quadrate, caudate

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the ______ and ______, and drains directly into the prostatic urethra (sinus) .

vas deferens, seminal vesicle

The superior epigastric artery is one of the terminal branches of the ______ artery.

internal thoracic

The ______ lymph nodes are located directly inferior to the carina.

inferior trachiobronchial

The left superior intercostal vein is typically a direct tributary of the _______.

left brachiocephalic vein

The ______ artery, common bile duct and hepatic portal vein are all suspended within the hepatoduodenal ligament.

proper hepatic artery

The ______ (thoracic space) extends from the thoracic inlet to a plane extending from the inferior border of vertebra T4 to the sternal angle.

superior mediastinum

In infants, the _____ (a visceral structure) typically extends into the anterior mediastinum.

thymus

The ______, a lymphatic vessel, begins at the cisterna chyli and empties into the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.

thoracic duct

The ______ duct traverses the diaphragm by passing through the aortic hiatus.

thoracic

The ______ vein is formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar, right lumbar azygos and right subcostal veins

azygos

The uterus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the ______ (female inferior vesicle), ovarian and uterine arteries.

vaginal

In its course through the mediastinum, the ______ is typically constricted anteriorly by the arch of the aorta and the left main bronchus

esophagus

The cardiac plexus, positioned between the bifurcation of the trachea and the arch of the aorta, receives parasympathetic axons from the ______ nerves.

vagus

The posterior interventricular artery is typically a direct branch of the ______.

right coronary artery

The _____ nerves typically traverses the diaphragm by piercing or passing through the crura.

greater splanchnic

In the coronary sulcus, the ______ vein is positioned adjacent to the right coronary artery.

small cardiac

The ______ are irregular columns of muscle in the wall of the right ventricle.

trabeculae carnae

Indirect inguinal hernias are positioned ______ to the inferior epigastric artery.

lateral

The ______ connect the rete testis with the head of the epididymis

efferent ductules

At the superficial ring the floor of the inguinal canal is formed by the ______.

lacunar ligament

The cremaster muscle is innervated by a branch of the _____ nerve.

genitofemoral

The lower portion of the esophagus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the _______ artery.

left gastric

An important portal-systemic (caval) shunt occurs at the distal end of the rectum where tributaries of the superior rectal vein anastomosis with tributaries of the _____ vein.

middle (and inferior) rectal

A hepatic triad includes a branch of the hepatic artery, bile duct and ______.

hepatic portal vein

In fetal life, the ductus venosus shunts placental blood from the umbilical vein to the _______.

inferior vena cava

The ventral mesentery includes the falciform, hepatogastric and ______ ligaments.

hepatoduodenal

The left kidney is typically positioned adjacent to the diaphragm, psoas major, ______ and quadratus lumborum muscles.

transversus abdominis

The tail of the ______ is positioned between the layers of the lienorenal ligament (a peritoneal fold).

pancreas

The omental foramen is positioned directly posterior to the ______ vein.

hepatic portal

The lateral umbilical ligament is a peritoneal fold surrounding the ________.

inferior epigastric artery

The splenic artery is positioned in part between the layers of the ______ ligament.

lienorenal

The peripheral aspect of the _______ overlying the superior surface of the diaphragm receives its sensory innervation from the intercostal nerves.

pleura

The glans of the penis receives its sensory innervation from the dorsal nerve of the penis, one of the terminal branches of the _______ nerve.

pudendal

The 2nd – 4th segments of the __________ are all retroperitoneal structures.

duodenum

The convex surface of the spleen is in contact with the peritoneum covering the inferior surface of the ________.

diaphragm

The sigmoid arteries are typically branches of the ______ artery.

inferior mesenteric

The bulbospongiosus muscle and the _______ sphinchter both attach in part to the perineal body.

external anal

The lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall typically drain directly into the _______ lymph nodes.

retroaortic

The tips of the renal papillae drain urine into the ______ of the kidneys.

minor calyces

The left testicular vein is typically a direct branch of the ______.

left renal vein

The ______ forms the inferior border of the deep space or pouch of the perineum.

perineal membrane

The left inferior suprarenal artery is typically a direct branch of the _______.

left renal artery

The crura of the penis are attached to the _______ of the bony pelvis.

ischiopubic rami

The lymphatics of the testes drain directly into the ________ nodes.

lateral aortic

The external anal sphinchter is innervated by the _________ nerve, a branch of the pudendal nerve.

inferior rectal

The ______ , cremasteric and deferent arteries are all located in part within the spermatic cord.

testicular

The anterior recess of the _______ is positioned between the deep transverse perineus muscle and the pelvic diaphragms.

ischiorectal fossa

Adjacent to the cervix, the uterine artery typically anastomses with branches of the ___________ artery

vaginal

The _______ fascia is continuous with the fascia of the external oblique muscle.

external spermatic

The _______ orifice and the orifices of the ureters are positioned at the angles of the trigone of the bladder.

internal urethral

In the female, the superficial transverse perineus muscle extends from the ischial tuberosity to the _______.

perineal body (central tendon)

During an episiotomy it may be necessary to block multiple nerves because the female perineum receives its sensory innervation from branches of the genitofemoral, ilioinguinal, _______ and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves.

pudendal

The levator ani muscle attaches in part to the tendinous arch, a thickening of the fascia of the _________ muscle.

obturator internus

The sphincter urethrae and __________ muscles are both positioned in the deep perineal space.

deep transverse perineus

functions of the axons: Dorsal root T8

General sensory

functions of the axons: Dorsal root L3

General sensory

functions of the axons: Dorsal Root S1

General sensory

functions of the axons: Ventral root T1

Motor (skeletal muscle) | Preganglionic sympathetic

functions of the axons: Ventral root T8

Motor (skeletal muscle) | Preganglionic sympathetic

functions of the axons: Ventral root L1

Motor (skeletal muscle) | Preganglionic sympathetic

functions of the axons: Ventral root L3

Motor (skeletal muscle)

functions of the axons: Ventral root S3

Motor (skeletal muscle) | Preganglionic parasympathetic

functions of the axons: Dorsal ramus T8

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: Dorsal ramus L3

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: Ventral Ramus T1 (distal to rami comm.)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: Ventral Ramus L1 (distal to rami comm.)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: Ventral Ramus S3 (distal to rami comm.)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception) - Preganglionic parasympathetic

functions of the axons: Phrenic n. (at the level of the first rib)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: L. vagus n. (at the level of the first rib)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception) - Preganglionic parasympathetic

functions of the axons: L. vagal trunk

- Preganglionic parasympathetic | - General Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: Lesser splanchnic nerve (superior to the diaphragm)

- Preganglionic sympathetic | - General Sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

8th intercostal nerve (at its origin)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: subcostal nerve (at its origin)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: genitofemoral nerve (at its origin)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception)

functions of the axons: pudendal nerve (at its origin)

- Motor (skeletal muscle) - Postganglionic sympathetic - General sensory (pain, touch, temperature, proprioception) - Preganglionic parasympathetic

The ligamentum anteriosum is a remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus, an arterial shunt between the ______________ and the ________________

pulmonary trunk | aortic arch

The ____________ drains into the coronary sinus, whereas the anterior cardiac veins and vanae cordis minimae drain into the right atrium

middle cardiac vein

The middle cardiac vein drains into the _______________, whereas the anterior cardiac veins and vanae cordis minimae drain into the right atrium

coronary sinus

The paranchyma (glandular tissue) of the mammary gland is located within the superficial fascia of the anterior chest wall overlying the _____________ and ________________ muscles

serratus anterior | pectoralis major

The ________________ and visceral layers of the ____________ are continuous at the root of the lung

parietal, pleura

The left, caudate, and quadrate lobes of the liver typically receive their primary arterial blood supply from branches of the ______________________

left hepatic artery

The ___________________ is formed by the union of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle, and drains directly into the _______________________

ejaculatory duct | prostatic urethra

The ______________ and _______________are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery

superior epigastric | musculophrenic

The left (only left) ___________________ is a direct tributary of the left brachiocephalic vein

superior intercostal vein

The right superior intercostal vein is a tributary of the __________________

azygous vein

The proper hepatic artery, common bile duct, and hepatic portal vein are all suspended within the _______________________

hepatoduodenal ligament

The superior mediastinum extends from the _______________ to a plane extending from the inferior border of the vertebra T4 to the _____________.

Thoracic inlet | sternal angle

In infants, the thymus typically extends into the ________________________

anterior mediastinum

The thoracic duct begins at the _______________ and empties into the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and _________________________veins.

cysternal chyli | left internal jugular

The thoracic duct traverses the diaphragm by passing through the _________________

aortic hiatus

The azygos vein is formed by the union of the_______________, ___________________, and ______________veins

Right Lumbar Azygous Right subcostal Right ascending lumbar

The uterus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the vaginal, ____________, and uterine arteries

ovarian

In its course through the mediastinum, the esophagus is constricted anteriorly by the _______________ and _______________

arch of the aorta | left main bronchus

The __________________, positioned between the bifurcation of the trachea and the arch of the aorta, receives parasympathetic axons from the vagus nerves

cardiac plexus

The ____________________ is typically a direct branch of the right coronary artery

posterior interventricular artery

The greater splanchnic nerves typically traverse the diaphragm by piercing or passing through the ____________

crura

In the coronary sulcus, the small cardiac vein is positioned adjacent to the________________________

right coronary artery

The trabeculae carnae are irregular columns of muscle in the walls of the __________________.

ventricles

In contrast, the ______________ muscles are found in the right atrium of the heart

pectinate

____________________ hernias are positioned lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

indirect inguinal

In contrast ________________ hernias are positioned medial to the inferior epigastric artery

direct inguinal

The efferent ductules connect the ________________ with the __________________

head of the epididymus | rete testes

At the superficial ring, the floor of the __________________ is formed by the lacunar ligament

inguinal canal

The ___________________ muscle is innervated by a branch of the genitofemoral nerve…. and is responsible for testicular elevation

cremaster

The lower portion of the ________________ typically receives its blood supply from the branches off of the left gastric artery.

esophagus

An important portal-systemic (caval) shunt occurs at the distal end of the rectum where tributaries of the _________________________ anastomosis with tributaries of the middle (and inferior) rectal vein.

superior rectal vein

The ____________________ includes a branch of the hepatic artery, bile duct, and hepatic portal vein

hepatic triad

In fetal life, the _________________ shunts placental blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

ductus venosus

The ventral mesentery includes the ______________, hepatogastric, and hepatoduodenal ligaments

falciform

The ____________ is typically adjacent to the diaphragm, psoas major, transversus abdominis, and quadratus lumborum muscles….and, due to the larger size of the liver on the right side of the body, lies slightly more superior than its right sided counterpart

left kidney

The tail of the pancreas is positioned between the layers of the_____________________

lienorenal ligament

The _________________ is positioned directly posterior to the hepatic portal vein…. and is the passage of communication between the greater and lesser sacs

epiploic (omental) formaen?

The ____________________________ is a peritoneal fold surrounding the inferior epigastric artery

lateral umbilical ligament

The ___________________ artery is positioned, in part, between the layers of the lienorenal ligament.

splenic

The peripheral aspect of the pleura, overlying the superior surface of the diaphragm, receives its sensory innervation from the____________________

intercostal nerves

The glans of the penis receives its sensory innervation from the __________________________, one of the terminal branches of the pudendal nerve

Dorsal nerve of the penis

The 2nd – 4th structures of the duodenum are all _____________________ structures.

retroperitoneal

The convex surface of the ____________ (LUQ structure) is in contact with the peritoneum covering the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Spleen

The _____________, ___________, and _____________ arteries are typically branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

Left Colic Sigmoid Superior Rectal

The _____________________ muscle and the external anal sphincter both attach in part to the perineal body

bulbospongiosus

The lymphatics of the ________________________ , typically drain directly into the retroaortic lymph nodes

posterior abdominal wall

The tips of the _____________________ drain urine into the minor calyces of the kidneys

renal papillae

The _______________, segmental, and left suprarenal veins are typically a direct branches of the left renal vein

left gonadal (ovarian/testicular)

The perineal membrane forms the inferior (superficial) border of the ______________________ and the deep boundary of the _____________________

deep perineal pouch (space) | superficial perineal pouch (space)

The left ___________________, and segmental arteries are typically direct branches of the left renal artery

inferior suprarenal

The ____________________and ________________ are attached to the ischiopubic ramus of the bony pelvis.

ischiocavernosus | compressor urethrae

The lymphatics of the kidneys drain directly into the ________________________ nodes

lateral aortic lymph

The ____________________ is innervated (lmn, sensory, postG sym) by the inferior rectal nerve, a branch of the pudendal nerve

external anal sphincter

The testicular, _____________, and ______________ arteries are all located in part within the spermatic cord

cremasteric, deferent

The anterior recess of the ischiorectal fossa is positioned between the ________________ muscle and the pelvic diaphragms

deep transverse perineus

Adjacent to the cervix, the _______________ artery typically anastomoses with branches of the vaginal artery

uterine

The external spermatic fascia is continuous with the fascia of the __________________ muscle

external oblique

The internal urethral orifice and the orifices of the ureters are positioned at the angles of ________________ of the bladder

trigone

In the female, the superficial transverse perineus muscle extends from the ________________ to the perineal body (central tendon)

ischial tuberosity

During an episiotomy, it may be necessary to block multiple nerves because the female perineum receives its sensory innervation from branches of the ________________, _____________, ________________, and _____________ nerves

genitofemoral ilioinguinal pudendal posterior femoral cutaneous

The ______________ attaches in part to the tendinous arch, a thickening of the fascia of the obturator internus muscle…(other attachments include from the pubic symphysis, and ischial spine to midline raphe and anococcygeal ligament)

levator ani muscle

The ___________________ and deep transverse perineus muscles are both positioned in the deep perineal space

sphincter urethrae

The inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes are located directly inferior to the ___________

carina (of trachea)