other Flashcards
(239 cards)
1
Q
Praxiteles
A
made Hermes and the infant Dionysus, Aphrodite of Cnidus, first to depict a nude woman, high classical artist
around 364 BC
2
Q
Deipnon
A
dinner, evening meal
3
Q
Noumenia
A
celebrates the new moon
4
Q
ariston
A
lunch, one of the firsts meals of the day, eaten around noon
5
Q
Athenaeus: Deipnosophists
A
describes the meal habits of the Greeks
6
Q
akratisma
A
early meal, breakfast
7
Q
hesperisma
A
evening meal before the deipnon
8
Q
chrysippus of Soli
A
second founder of Stoicism
9
Q
Stoicism
A
destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (prohairesis) that is in accord with nature. a way of life, and the best indication was not what a person said but how that person behaved.To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they taught that everything was rooted in nature .painted porch
10
Q
prohairesis
A
a will
11
Q
arete
A
moral virtue, excellence of any kind
12
Q
hybris
A
actions that shamed and humiliated the victim for the pleasure or gratification of the abuser, excessive pride, violent behavior
13
Q
catharsis
A
the purification and purgation of emotions especially pity and fear through art or play; any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal and restoration
14
Q
tragoedia
A
a drama about the misfortunes of heroes,” literally “goat song,” from tragos “goat” and aeidein “to sing”
15
Q
chryselephantine
A
overlaid with gold and ivory
16
Q
barbiton
A
a stringed musical instrument similar to a lyre
17
Q
keramos
A
clay
18
Q
kerameikos
A
pottery
19
Q
proto-geometric style
A
1000 BC- 900BC
mostly stripes with different weights
20
Q
geometric style
A
900 BC-625BC
mostly geometric shapes and patterns
21
Q
orientalizing style
A
625 BC-600BC
influences of the east
22
Q
black figure pottery
A
600BC-500BC
black figures
23
Q
Exikias
A
greatest black figure pottery maker; Ajax and Achilles playing a board game during the Trojan War
24
Q
Sophilos
A
first to sign his vase; black figure pottery
25
Andokides Painter
invents the Red figure pottery
26
red figure pottery
500BC
| painted with red figures
27
kerameus
potterer
28
oinochoai
large jugs for pouring wine
29
hydra
three handles, holds water
30
skyphoi
deep bowls
31
Maeander
the greek labyrinth key pattern
32
where did black figure painting originate
cornith
33
where was black figure painting the best and most prolific
attica
34
how were the figures in black figure painting depicted
The finest figures are given grace and poise and often illustrated in the moments before actual movement or resting after exertion.
35
Francois Vase
large volute krater made by Ergotimos and painted by Kleitas (570-565 BCE); 66cm high (26 inches) and covered in 270 human and animal figures depicting a wide range of scenes and characters from Greek mythology.
36
pyxides
small lidded box
37
where did the Orientializing style originate
in cornith
38
characteristics of red figure painting
perspective, the overlapping of figures, and the depiction of everyday life such as education and sporting scenes
39
odos
threshold, road, journey
40
dinos
mixing bowl
41
thorax
breastplate
42
hoplites
armored foot soldiers
43
phalanx
a massed shield wall
44
Panoply
complete suit of armor
45
psiloi or peltasts
fast, mobile skirmishing troops that were usually the poorer soldiers
46
What were weapons usually constructed from
from iron, wood and bronze
47
muscle cuirass/anatomical cuirass/heroic cuirass
type of body armor cast to fit the wearer's torso and designed to mimic an idealized human physique. It first appears in late Archaic Greece
48
doru/dory
The primary weapon used by Greek troops;two-to-three meter spear with a leaf-shaped blade at one end and a short spike at the other
49
xyston
thinner spear; Mounted cavalry used a thinner spear or very long lance. had an advantage over shorter ranged spears
50
sarrisae
hoplites were equipped with extremely long spears (up to 21 feet) under Philip II of Macedon
51
xiphos
short sword, secondary weopon
52
kopis
a heavier, curved sword that Hoplites mounted on horseback likely used, meant "chopper"
53
toxa
bow
54
akontia
javelin
55
sfendonai
sling
56
amentum/ankule
a leather strap attached to a javelin used in ancient Greek athletics, hunting, and warfare, which helped to increase the range and the stability of the javelin in flight
57
Plumbatae or martiobarbuli
were lead-weighted darts carried by infantrymen in Antiquity
58
atlatl
spear thrower
59
linothorax
were made of linen glued in layers with animal fat, and eventually adopted by many armies, including Alexander of Macedon.
60
Pteruges/pteryges
refers to the decorative skirt of leather or fabric strips worn around the waists of Roman and Greek warriors and soldiers; meaning feathers
61
chitoniskos
Sleeveless tunics
62
greave
a piece of armor that protects the leg.
63
hoplon
a large, round shield commonly made from a layer of bronze, wood and leather.
64
Corinthian helmet
developed around 600BC, covered the entire head and neck, with slits for the eyes and mouth.
65
Phrygian/Thracian helmet
helmets with a high and forward inclined apex, in which it resembles the caps (usually of leather) habitually worn by Phrygian and Thracian peoples.
66
Chalcidian helmet
a development of the Corinthian helmet, its improvements in design giving the wearer better hearing and vision, resulting in a lighter and less bulky helmet.
67
Boeotian helmet
cavalry helmet, open, allowing good peripheral vision and unimpaired hearing. had a domed skull surrounded by a wide, flaring, down-sloping brim that came down at the rear to protect the back of the neck
68
ethytonos
stationary bow, mounted on a tripod and similar in design to a ballista
69
palintonos
fired stone projectiles, a larger ethytonos
70
Hekatombaion
first month, july/august
71
Metageitnion
second month, august/sept
72
Boedromion
third month, sept/oct
73
Pyanepsion
fourth month, oct/nov
74
Maimakterion
fifth month, nov/dec
75
Poseideon
sixth month, dec/jan
76
Gamelion
seventh month, jan/feb
77
Anthesterion
eighth month, feb/march
78
Elaphebolion
nineth month, march/april
79
Mounichion
tenth month, april/may
80
Thargelion
eleventh month, may/june
81
Skirophorion
twelve month, june/july
82
pharos
lighthouse
83
Trireme
warship
84
penteconter
an ancient warship with a single row of 30 oars on each side
85
bireme
a warship with two banks of oars,of Phoenician origin
86
quinquereme/pentērēs
invented by Syracuse Dionysius I in 399 BC as part of a major naval armament programme directed against the Carthaginians. "fives" were the heaviest type of warship, and often used as flagships of fleets composed of triremes and quadriremes.
87
quadrireme /tetrērēs
was especially valued for its great speed and manoeuvrability, while its relatively shallow draught made it ideal for coastal operations
88
hexareme/sexireme/hexērēs
rarer than smaller vessels, chiefly as flagships
89
kerameikos
cemetery
90
demos
city square
91
hecatomb
a sacrifice of 100 cows
92
ekklesia
Athenian assembly
93
bema
the "stepping stone" or speakers' platform
94
Agora
s a central spot in ancient Greek city-states."gathering place" or "assembly". The center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city
95
Panathenaic Games
held every four years in Athens in Ancient Greece since 566 BC, only Athenians allowed to play
96
stadion
foot race
97
apobatai
chariot race in which the driver had to jump out of the chariot, run alongside, and jump back in, popular in the Panathenaic games
98
pyrriche
military exercises accompanied by music
99
euandrion
essentially a contest of manliness and strength between young Athenian men
100
Great Panathenaia
a peplos was given to the statue of athena
101
pannychis
"all-nighter"
102
Potnia
an Ancient Greek word for "Mistress, Lady" and a title of a goddess.
103
ostraka
a potsherd used as a writing surface
104
linear a
Minoan texts
105
linear b
Mycenaean texts
106
myceaneans buried their dead in what kind of tomb
nekropolis, cemetery
107
tholos
a beehive tomb
108
oikos
house
109
hieron
temple
110
theatron
theater
111
metope
square space between triglyphs in a Doric frieze
112
gynakia
woman
113
parodos
in the theater of ancient Greece, is either a side-entrance, or the first song sung by the chorus after its entrance from the side wings.
114
Skene
background building to the stage
115
naos
small shrine
116
Diazoma
a passage in the auditorium of an ancient Greek theater dividing the lower from the upper rows of seats for convenience of access
117
Thespis
the first actor, 534 BC
118
Thymela
Originally an altar on the orchestra, this became the spot
| where the leader of the chorus (koryphaios) would stand.
119
koryphaios
the leader of the chorus
120
Theologion
the flat roof of the scene, reserved for actors playing gods
121
Periactoi
two prismatic pillars, one stage left, one stage right. These could be rotated to change scenes during the performance.
122
Ekeclema
platform carrying “dead bodies” that was wheeled on. This was done because Greek theatre never showed a murder or suicide on stage
123
rhyta
horn shaped drinking cups
124
hemeris
cultivated vine
125
Theophrastus
wrote about the viticultivation
126
boustrophedon
of written words- from right to left and from left to right in alternate lines.
127
Epicureanism
philosophy that stresses atheism, atomism, and pursuit of pleasure
128
ataraxia
state of tranquility
129
Cynicism
the purpose of life was to live in virtue, in agreement with nature. As reasoning creatures, people could gain happiness by rigorous training and by living in a way which was natural for themselves, rejecting all conventional desires for wealth, power, sex and fame.
130
kynodesme
(literally a "dog leash"), a thin leather thong used as a penis restraint:
131
pale
game of wrestling
132
pygme/pygmachia
Ancient Greek boxing
133
pankration
the ancient form of mixed martial arts.
134
two rules of pankration
no eye gouging and no biting (the referees carried sticks to beat those who violated the rules)
135
- The Olympic Games
the most important and prestigious game of them all, was held in honor of Zeus every four years near Elis.
136
Pythian Games
held every four years near Delphi in honor of Apollo
137
Nemean Games
held every two years near Nemea, in honor of Zeus
138
Isthmian Games
held every two years near Corinth, in honor of Poseidon
139
Heraea
womans running olympics. 1/6 as long as the mens
140
Antikythera mechanism.
ancient mechanical computer that was used to set the dates for the games
141
kottabos
a drinking game where a man flings wine lees at targets. The player would utter the name of the object of his affection
142
harmatodromia/circenses
chariot races
143
Strategos
army leader
144
xiphos
iron sword
145
pentekonter
versatile, long-range ships used for sea trade, piracy and warfare, capable of transporting freight or troops
146
gerousia
council of elders in Sparta
147
ephors
five officials elected annually by a popular assembly in Sparta, swore for the city
148
boule
council of 500, consisted of fifty members chosen at random from each tribe in Athens
149
ruled by two kings
Sparta, swore for themselves
150
talent
one of several ancient units of mass, a commercial weight, as well as corresponding units of value equivalent to these masses of a precious metal.
151
xenos
word for foreigner, hospitality
152
Apelles
painter of Aphrodite Anadyomene (Aphrodite rising from the sea); was the painter of the portraits of Alexander the great
153
Myron
sculpted the discobolus
154
"pleasure is the beginning and end of living happily"
Epicurus
155
the epphors were elected by who
the apella annually
156
in what month did the mystai (initiates) make the fourteen mile pilgrimage to Eleusis
September;
| Metageitnion/ Boedromion
157
three public gymnasia at Athens
the Lyceum, Cynosarges, Academy
158
which archon gave his name to a year as a means o dating events
eponymos
159
gnomon
sun dial
160
Spartan Marriges
arranged by parents; bridegroom carried off bride by force; divorce was rare
161
the Cretan Zeus equivalent was
Velchanos
162
symbols of royal power in the minoan culture
fluer-de-lys and labrys
163
Athena Promanchos
work of Phidias out of the spoils of Marathon
164
bad omens
finding a snake hidden in the house; a weasel crossing your path; stumbling over a threshold
165
the most common ratio of water to wine was
3 to 2
166
Eratosthenes
calculated the circumference of the earth
167
three things that could be found in the Athenian Agora
the Tholos, Painted Stoa, small shops
168
Aeschylus increased the chorus to
twelve people
169
architrave
beam above the column
170
Alcman
lyric poet originally from Lydia
171
Alcman: Parthenia
a chorus written for Spartan girls
172
a master of a Greek house would receive visitors in the
andronitis
173
andronitis
In Greek antiquity, the portion of a house appropriated especially to males, including dining-room, library, sitting-rooms,
174
gynasconitis
womans/mistresses courtyard; harem lounge
175
thalamos
Also called thalamium. an apartment for women in an ancient Greek house.
176
Areopagus
Judicial council that met on this hill, originally having wide public functions but later becoming a purely judicial body.
a hill in Athens, Greece, W of the Acropolis.
177
Sophists
charged fees for their teaching, contributed to the deterioration of morals, "teacher of wisdom"
178
Hesiods Work and Days is addressed to who
his brother Perseus
179
Sophist that founded European grammar and philology
Protagoras
180
lyre
most used of the musical instruments, similar to a guitar
181
when were olive trees harvested
late autumn
182
who did the oracle of Delphi speak through
the prophetess Pythia
183
where did Athenian slaves take sanctuary from their cruel masters
the Temple of Thesues
184
there were never more that how many actors speaking before an audiance
three
185
every greek hoplite would have been armed with what
a lance and sword
186
what plays were presented by poets in Dionysia
three tragedy and one satyr play
187
the interior of the northern wing of the Propylaea was decorated with painting by whom
Polygnotus
188
common staples in the Grecian diet
fish, cabbage, cereals
189
what happened to children of slaves
often killed or sold
190
Lycurgus
the lawgiver of the Spartan society
191
homoioi
males of Sparta known to the Spartans as "peers" or "men of equal status".
192
how long did the Olympic games last
five days
193
thetes
free men, but without land or other resources. They were a class of farmers that emerged in areas where the status of individual property was in effect. To make a living they subjected themselves to the owners of holdings, selling them their services.
194
perioikoi
free but non-citizen inhabitants of Sparta
195
sakkos
is a vestment worn by Orthodox and Greek Catholic bishops;a tunic with wide sleeves, distinctive pattern of trim. It reaches below the knees and is fastened up the sides with buttons or tied with ribbons
196
phelonion
is a liturgical vestment worn by a priest of the Eastern Christian tradition. It is worn over the priest's other vestments and is equivalent to the chasuble of Western Christianity.
197
who was the best known of the Cynic philosophers, noted for living in an overturned clay storage jar
Diogenes
198
acropolis
high city
199
mina
100 drachmae
200
stater
weight measure; "weight"; an ancient coin used in various regions of Greece.
201
stoa
long roofed pathway with columns, sometimes containes shops
202
deme
a suburb of Athens or a subdivision of Attica, the region of Greece surrounding Athens.
203
katagogia
religious festival celebrating Dionysus coming from the sea
204
aryballos
a small spherical or globular flask with a narrow neck; used to contain perfume or oil, and is often depicted in vase paintings being used by athletes during bathing
205
libation
a ritual pouring of a liquid as an offering to a god or spirit or in memory of those who have died
206
the Kolonus Agoraeus was famous for its what
blacksmiths
207
Parmenides
father of logic; pre socrates
208
hippios
horse racing
209
trapezitai
members of a males brotherhood
210
hermae
a sculpture with a head, torso, above a plain, usually squared lower section, on which male genitals may also be carved at the appropriate height.
211
phrateres
kinship; brother
212
Apollonius
wrote Argonautica
213
sussition
Spartan dining hall
214
hypaspists
"shield bearer" or "shield covered"; is a squire, man at arms, or "shield carrier"
215
hipparchs
the title of an ancient Greek cavalry officer, commanding a hipparchia);
216
hipparchia
unit of about 500 horsemen
217
epihipparchos
commander of the hipparchs and hipparchia
218
oinochoe
a wine jug and a key form of Greek pottery;. The earliest is the olpe and has an S-shaped profile from head to foot.
219
ephebos
a male Athenian of 18 years
220
leitourgia
"sacred ministry to the Lord"
221
whose poem won the competition circa 489 to choose the official epitaph for the athenian dead at marathon
Simonides of Ceos
222
what can be described as a decorative form of wine cup ending, at bottom, in an animals head or other shape
a rhyton
223
alabastron
a small type of pottery or glass vessel used in the ancient world for holding oil, especially perfume or massage oils.
224
megaron
large hall in a Mycenaean palace where the king conducted state business
225
satrap
governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires and in several of their successors, such as the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
226
Work of literature that has the earliest extant description of the kingdom of hades
the Odyssey
227
basileus
equivalent of a king in Athens
228
polemarchos
a senior military title in various ancient Greek city states
229
eponumos
the chief magistrate
230
metronomoi
public officials who oversaw the weights and measures (metra kai stathma) in Athens
231
hegemon
leader
232
which play by Aeschylus was written in a time of civil turmoil to sooth the class strife of the citizens
Eumenides
233
Epitaphios
is an icon, today most often found as a large cloth, embroidered and often richly adorned, which is used during the services of Good Friday and Holy Saturday in the Eastern Orthodox Churches and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite
234
greatest greek choral poet
homer
235
pallake
common-law wife
236
how many strategoi were elected annually in athens
ten
237
caryatid
decorative pillar of a woman holding the ceiling up with her head
238
Odeon
small theatre, place of contests of poetry and music in Athens
239
auloi
double pipes
