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BB FINALS > Other Blood Groups [MNSs - Lutheran] > Flashcards

Other Blood Groups [MNSs - Lutheran] Flashcards

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1
Q

who and how was MNSs blood group discovered

A

Discovered by Landsteiner and Levine in 1927 when immunizing rabbits

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2
Q

MNSs is composed of more than __ antigens, with the most common: M, N, S, s, and U

A

40 antigens

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3
Q

use of MNSs

A

Paternity testing

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4
Q

Lectins used for MN typing:

A
  1. Anti-M - Iberis amara
  2. Anti-N - Vicia graminea, Bauhinia variegata, Bauhinia purpura
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5
Q

MNSs genes are traced at which chromosome?

A

chromosome 4q28-q31

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6
Q

Considered to be the ancestral gene

A

GYPA gene

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7
Q

GYPA has how many exons

A

7 exons

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8
Q

how many exons does GYPB gene have?

A

5 exons and one noncoding (pseudoexon)

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9
Q

similarities between GYPA GYPV

A

alleles are codominant, Both are highly homologous

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10
Q

where does M (MNS1) & N(MNS2) antigens reside

A

Resides in the Glycophorin A of the RBC membrane

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11
Q

Biochemically, MNSs antigens are attached to the glycophorin proteins -These proteins are?

A

Sialic acid-richglycoproteins and therefore are called sialoglycoproteins

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12
Q

M and N are at the ___ of GPA

A

extreme terminus

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13
Q

GPA and GPB are also expressed in ___ and ___

A

renal endothelium and epithelium

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14
Q

N antigen - defined by?

A

Leucine and Glutamic acid

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15
Q

M antigen - defined by

A

Serine and Glycine

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16
Q

copies of GPA per RBC

A

200, 000 to 1, 000, 000 copies

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17
Q

Discovered in 1947 by Walsh and Carmel Montgomery

A

S (MNS3), s (MNS4) antigens

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18
Q

the s antigen (antithetical partner of S) was discovered in?

A

1951

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19
Q

where can S (MNS3), s (MNS4) antigens be found?

A

Found in Glycophorin B on RBC membrane

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20
Q

§ antigen defined by ___ while s antigen is defined by ____

A

S - methionine
s - threonine

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21
Q

copies of GPB per RBC

A

50, 000 to 250, 000 copies

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22
Q

Found on RBCs of all individuals except about 1% of ___

A

African American (1-35% Africans)

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23
Q

U antigens was discovered by __ via anti U in —

A

Discovered by Weiner, 1953

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24
Q

RBCs with U antigen also carries ___antigens

A

S and s antigens

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25
MNSs is resistant to?
Trypsin, Dithiothreitol, Glycine-acid EDTA (S &s)
26
M+ antigen frequencies in whites and blacks
Whites 78% Blacks 74%
27
N+ antigen frequencies in whites and blacks
whites 72% blacks 75%
28
S+ antigen frequencies in whites and blacks
whites 55% blacks 31%
29
s+ antigen frequencies in whites and blacks
whites 89% blacks 93%
30
U+ antigen frequencies in whites and blacks
whites 99.90% blacks 99%
31
is a "Universal" antigen. This makes it a "high incidence" antigen
U (MNS5) antigens
32
where can U (MNS5) antigens be found
Glycophorin B on RBC membrane
33
cold reactive saline agglutinins
anti M and anti N
34
anti M and anti N reaction is enhanced by?
acidification
35
anti-M reaction is enhanced at __
pH 6.5
36
characteristics of anti-M antigens
- multiparous woman - children and in patients with bacterial infection - can exhibit dosage
37
less common, specific at alkaline pH
anti-N
38
characteristics of anti-N antigens
- can demonstrate dosage (reacts better with M-N+ than M+N+) - observed in renal patients where dialysis machine is sterilized with formalin
39
characteristics of anti-S and anti-s antigens
- IgG, reactive in AHG phase - reacts at 37C (some between 10C-22C) - binds complement, can cause HDFN and HTR with hemoglobinuria - may exhibit dosage
40
characteristics of Anti-U
* IgG, enhanced with enzyme treatment * Reacts at 37°C and AHG phase * Can cause HDFN and HTR * Associated with decreased red cell survival
41
How do MNSs autoantibodies develop?
* Some individuals have altered glycophorin A (GPA) * Their antibodies target the missing portion of the common antigen
42
How was the Lutheran (Lu) blood group discovered
Discovered in 1945 in a Lupus erythematosus patient
42
Anti-Lub was discovered in __ as the antithetical partner to Lua
1956
43
Anti-Lua was named after the donor ___
“Lutheran” (originally “Lutteran” but mislabeled)
44
ISBT #005
LUTHERAN BLOOD GROUP - "Lu"
45
How many antigens are in the Lutheran system?
20 antigens
46
When are Lutheran antigens detected on fetal RBCs?
As early as 10-12 weeks of gestation
47
How well developed are Lutheran antigens at birth?
poorly developed
48
On which tissues, besides RBCs, are Lutheran antigens found?
Brain, lungs, pancreas, placenta, skeletal muscle, and hepatocytes
49
What type of protein are Lutheran antigens located on?
type 1 transmembranous protein
50
How many forms of Lutheran glycoproteins exist?
Two (due to alternative RNA splicing)
51
Describe the Longer Lu glycoprotein.
* 85 kD protein * 597 amino acids * 19 amino acid hydrophobic transmembrane domain * Cytoplasmic domain with 59 amino acids
52
Describe the Shorter basal cell adhesion molecule of lutheran antigen
* 78 kD protein * Shorter cytoplasmic domain * External portion has five disulfide-bonded domains
53
To which superfamily do Lutheran glycoproteins belong?
Immunoglobulin superfamily
54
What is the function of Lutheran antigens?
Linked to adhesion properties and intracellular signaling
55
What is the significance of Lutheran antigen presence in the placenta?
Contributes to decreased likelihood of HDFN via adsorption
56
On which chromosome is the Lu gene located?
Chromosome 19q13.2
57
Which other blood group gene is linked to the Lu gene?
Secretor (Se) gene
58
What immunoglobulin class is Anti-Lua?
IgM
59
How does Anti-Lua react?
* Naturally occurring saline agglutinin * Reacts at room temperature * Some can bind complement
60
Can Anti-Lua cause hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs)?
Yes, but usually delayed HTRs
62
63
What immunoglobulin class is Anti-Lub?
usually IgG
64
How does Anti-Lub react?
Reacts at 37°C and AHG phase
65
Can Anti-Lub cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN)?
Rare, but possible
66
anti lub is stimulated by?
pregnancy or transfusion
67
What makes Anti-Lu3 unique?
It reacts with all RBCs except Lu(a-b-) RBCs
68

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