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OB WSET III > Other II > Flashcards

Other II Flashcards

1
Q

Describe a classic Burgundian Pinot Noir

A

High acid
Low to medium tannin
Notes of red fruit, that evolve into mushroom and forrest floor with aging

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2
Q

Name three climactic hazards of Burgundy

A

Lots of rainfall
Spring frost
Summer hail

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3
Q

Name a sweet wine from Southwestern France made via passerillage?

A

Petit Manseng

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4
Q

Describe Tannat

A

Deeply colored
High tannin
Need to be aged

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5
Q

What is the most important IGP wine from the Southeast of Bordeaux?

A

Cotes de Gascogne

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6
Q

Describe Cotes de Gascogne

A

Dry, light-bodied white wine

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7
Q

What is the most important varietal from Cahors?

A

Malbec

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8
Q

Describe a Malbec from Cahors

A

Matures slowly to reveal cedar and earth notes
Dark berry notes
High tannin
Dark color

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9
Q

In the Dordogne, what is the major appelation for red & white?

A

Bergerac

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10
Q

In the Dordogne, what is the major appellation for sweet wines?

A

Monbazillac

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11
Q

In Sauternes and Barsac, what grape varietal dominates?

A

Semillon

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12
Q

Where in Bordeaux do the best sweet wines come from and why?

A

Sauternes

The Garonne and Ciron rivers create ideal misty autumn conditions for noble rot

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13
Q

Describe a white wine from Graves & Entre-Deux-Mers

A

Unoaked, using Sauvignon blanc

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14
Q

Name an area in Bordeaux that can only produce premium dry white wines

A

Entre-Deux-Mers

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15
Q

What is green harvesting?

A

Around veraison, you can harvest immature grapes so that the vine can concentrate on the remaining grapes. The main risk with doing so is the vine overcompensating and producing really big grapes.

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16
Q

What stages of the vineyard cycle does the following occur in:

  • Acid drops
  • Sugar rises
  • Tannins develop
  • Color pigment accumulates
A

Between veraison and harvest

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17
Q

What is millerandage?

A

Grapes stay small, form without seeds

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18
Q

What is coulure?

A

More flowers than normal fail to fertilize during fruit set

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19
Q

What businesses make wine only from grapes that they grow themselves?

A

Estates

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20
Q

If a GI is stated on a label, what percentage of the grapes must be grown there? What is the exception?

A

85%; if it is a PDO, 100% must come from that region

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21
Q

What is the labeling term for a PDO in France?

A

AOC; Appelation D’Origine Controlee OR AOP

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22
Q

What is the labeling term(s) for PGI in France?

A

VDP, IGP

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23
Q

What is a French wine with no GI?

A

Vin de France

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24
Q

What are the key black grape varieties of Bordeaux?

A

Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot

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25
What are the key white grape varieties of Bordeux?
Sauvignon Blanc Semillon Muscadelle
26
What kind of climate does Bordeaux have?
Moderate maritime climate
27
What kind of growing season does Bordeaux have and why?
Extended, due to the Gulf Stream
28
What are climactic challenges in Bordeaux?
Rot, due to lots of rainfall
29
What is the most widely planted grape in Bordeaux, and why does it grow successfully here?
Merlot | Merlot can ripen on cooler clay soils in a way that Cabernet Sauvignon cannot
30
What is the most important varietal for sweet wines in Bordeaux
Semillon
31
Name two prime regions for premium Sauvignon Blanc
Loire Valley | Marlborough
32
How does a Sauvignon Blanc from the Loire Valley differ from a Sauvignon Blanc from Marlborough?
A Loire Valley Sauvignon Blanc is more elegant and restrained with notes of asparagus and green apple, whereas one from Marlborough is more vibrant, with notes of gooseberry and grapefruit
33
What is the most common adjustment made to inexpensive white wine and why?
Acidification, because the grapes often come from warm regions
34
If a wine is youthful, what aromas would you detect?
Mostly primary and secondary
35
If a wine is developing, what aromas would you detect?
Some tertiary in addition to primary and secondary
36
If a wine is fully developed, what aromas would you detect
Mostly tertiary
37
What species produces nearly all the grapes used in winemaking?
Vitis Vinifera
38
What are 3 main ways to make a sweet wine?
Add sugar Stop fermentation early Concentrate grape sugars
39
What are 4 ways to concentrate grape sugars when making a sweet wine?
Freeze grapes on vine Noble rot Dry them after picking Dry grapes on the vine
40
What are 3 ways to stop fermentation early when making a sweet wine?
Fortification Add SO2 Chill the fermenting juice
41
Where is Pinot Gris classically produced?
Alsace
42
What aromas does a classic Pinot Gris have?
Tropical fruit, ginger, honey
43
Which is produced in both the dry and off-dry styles: Pinot Gris, or Pinot Grigio?
Pinot Gris
44
Why is SO2 important in winemaking?
It acts as an antioxidant (protects grapes from oxidation) and an antiseptic (toxic to bad yeast and bacteria in wine)
45
What is clonal selection?
Vines with positive mutations are selected for further propagation with cutting or layering
46
What are 3 factors that paint an accurate picture of a region's climate?
Day to day temperature Rainfall Sunlight
47
What are 4 ways to defend vines against spring frost?
Heaters Sprinklers Thoughtful vineyard design Wind machines
48
Name 3 environmental factors that influence diurnal range
Lakes Seas Cloud cover
49
How would one characterize a Mediterranean climate?
low continentality
50
How do wines from a Mediterranean climate compare to wines from a Maritime climate?
Fuller bodies Riper tannins Higher alcohol Lower acid
51
What is a core way to reduce fungal disease in vines?
Canopy management
52
3 main irrigation techniques for vines
Flooding Sprinklers Drip
53
What is the most expensive method of irrigation?
Drip
54
What is the cheapest method of irrigation?
Flood
55
How would you characterize a continental climate?
Large temp drop in winters, short summers, high continentality
56
How would you characterize a maritime climate?
Low continentality, grapes can ripen far into autumn
57
What yeast species is responsible for the majority of fermentation?
Saccharomyces cerevisae
58
When does blending usually occur in winemaking?
After fermentation or during maturation
59
How might you increase acid in wine?
Acidification, add tartaric acid
60
How might you decrease acid in wine
Alkali
61
What are 3 ways a wine can be made perfectly clear?
Sedimentation Fining Filtration
62
What are two ways for a grower to preserve the unique qualities of a grape variety?
Cutting and layering
63
Describe cutting
A section of a vine shoot is replanted, a new plant grows
64
How might you reduce the risk of oxidation?
Keep SO2 at a reasonable level
65
What wines are most at risk for bacterial spoilage?
Haven't undergone MLF Low acid Low alcohol Residual sugar
66
What are two kinds of filtration of wine
Depth & Surface
67
Describe depth filtration
Uses thick filters, works on very cloudy wines and gross lees
68
Describe surface filtration
Generally very expensive, used after depth filtration has taken place
69
Why does sedimentation form after fermentation?
Dead yeast cells float to the top of the juice
70
What is sediment called?
Lees
71
Explain the process of fining
Speeds up the process of fine particles clumping up together before bottling through the use of a fining agent. Widely used.
72
Explain the process of sedimentation
Once the gross lees settle, the juice is pushed into a new vessel to leave the lees behind. This process is called racking. You do this over and over again. Expensive.
73
When you process grapes and press them, what part must remain in tact and why?
Seeds, because they release bitter oils and tannins
74
If a winemaker wants to preserve the primary aromas in a wine, when is the best time for harvest and why?
Night, less impact of oxygen
75
What is contained in the seeds of grapes?
tannin
76
What is contained in the stems of grapes?
tannin
77
What is contained in the skins of grapes?
Color, tannin, flavor
78
What is contained in the pulp of grapes?
Acid, sugar, water
79
What temperature should wine be stored at?
10-15 degrees Celsius

OB WSET III (18 decks)

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