Other questions

Question 1

What mechanical properties does skin have?

Answer 1

Nonlinear, anisotropic, viscoelastic and various fiber orientation

Question 2

What are the mechanical properties of bone?

Answer 2

Anisotropic, inhomogenous, nonlinear and viscoelastic

Question 3

What kind of fibrous joints exists?

Answer 3

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Question 4

What kind of cartilaginous?? joints exists?

Answer 4

Synchonodroses, symphyses

Question 5

What functions does muscle have?

Answer 5

Movement, protection, posture, stabilises and heat

Question 6

What functions does the skeleton have?

Answer 6

Support, protection, movement, mineral storage and blood cell formation

Question 7

What is the function of skin?

Answer 7

Defence from external, control water loss, insulation, temperature regulation

Question 8

Describe difference between tendons and ligaments

Answer 8

Tendon: between muscle and bone, more collagen than elastin
Ligaments: between bones, more elastin than tendon

Question 9

What is connective tissue?

Answer 9

Binding and support: Tendon and ligament, Cartilage and bone
Protection: Skin, fibrous capsules
Insulation: Fat
Transportation: Blood

Question 10

What kind of muscles exists?

Answer 10

Skeletal (Largest muscle group)
Cardiac (Heart)
Smooth (Inner organs)

Question 11

What are the most common VRU injuries?

Answer 11

Head, legs and chest

Question 12

Give examples of injury reduction strategies for VRUs

Answer 12

Reduce aggressiveness of front, reduce exposure, active hood, A-pillar airbag, reduce speed

Question 13

What is the most exposed area for elderly?

Answer 13

Thorax

Question 14

What are the three different injury mechanism for the thorax?

Answer 14

Elastic, Viscous and Inertial

Question 15

Give examples of general injury reduction strategies

Answer 15

Exposure control, crash prevention, behaviour changes, injury control, post injury management

Question 16

What does NIC take into account?

Answer 16

Relative speed and acc between head and neck

Question 17

What is the severity of WAD determined by?

Answer 17

Closing speed, vehicle masses, bumper stiffness and bumper elasticity

Question 18

What does Nij take into account?

Answer 18

Extension and flexion in tension and compression in the neck

Question 19

What is pneumonia?

Answer 19

Alveoli flooded with fluid

Question 20

What can injury risk function be used for?

Answer 20

Relate input of load measurement to failure risk

Question 21

Mention issues with crash data

Answer 21

Access limited, need to understand datasources and sampling, variable definitions, underreporting (can bias result)

Question 22

What are the functions of the brain stem?

Answer 22

Regulates heart beat, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, digestion

Question 23

How many fatalities occur in traffic each year?

Answer 23

1.24 million

Question 24

What are the functions of muscles?

Answer 24

Produce forces, heat, protection, posture and stabilises

Question 25

What is left censoring vs right censoring?

Answer 25

Left=data point is below a certain value but is unknown by how much=injury test (can also be exact) Right=data point is above a certain value but is unknown by how much=non-injury test Interval censoring=data point is somewhere on an interval between two values

Question 26

What is crashworthiness=

Answer 26

Ability of a vehicle to absorb energy and distribute this over time Ability of the vehicle to keep occupant compartment intact

Question 27

What is the main principle for restraining a car occupant?

Answer 27

The “stiffness” of the restraint must not exceed that of the occupant’s body region it restrains during a collision

Question 28

What are the two approaches to estimate crash severity?

Answer 28

Momentum and energy

Question 29

What is compatibility of vehicles influenced by (in frontal crashes)?

Answer 29

Vehicle mass, structural interaction and compartment strength

Question 30

What are the phases during a VRU accident?

Answer 30

Primary impact, flight phase, secondary impact and sliding phase

Question 31

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 31

Protection, absorption, filtration, transcellular transport, secretion, excretion and sensory reception

Question 32

What is the most severe skull fracture?

Answer 32

Basilar

Question 33

What types of accidents are thorax injuries common in?

Answer 33

Side and frontal

Question 34

What organs are most easily injured?

Answer 34

Solid