Other Stuff I don't know 😭

Question 1

Physical Computing Innovation

Answer 1

An object that uses computing to operate.

Question 2

Non-Physical Computing Software

Answer 2

A digital program/tool without a physical form (ex. photo editing software).

Question 3

Non-Physical Computing Concept

Answer 3

An idea or system that relies on computing but isn’t a specific device or app( ex. e-commerce).

Question 4

Iterative Development Process

Answer 4

A process that involves repeating phases, by revising and refining the program based on feedback, testing, and reflection.

Question 5

Incremental Developmental Process

Answer 5

A method that breaks down a problem into smaller parts, ensuring each part works before combining them into the full solution.

Question 6

Modular Design

Answer 6

Breaking a program into independent parts (modules/components), each with a specific function.

Question 7

User Interface (UI) Layout

Answer 7

The arrangement of elements that users interact with. (Ex. buttons, menus, forms,ect.)

Question 8

Data Cleaning

Answer 8

The process of correcting or standardizing data without changing its meaning.

Question 9

Uniform Data

Answer 9

Data following a consistent format, style, or structure.

Question 10

Visualization Tools

Answer 10

Graphs, charts, tables, diagrams, or text used to communicate knowledge from data analysis.

Question 11

Data Filtering Systems

Answer 11

Tools or processes that remove unnecessary or irrelevant data to reveal patterns or to simplify analysis.

Question 12

Software Library

Answer 12

Contains procedures and code segments that could by used in creating new programs.

Question 13

Application program interfaces (API’s)

Answer 13

Specification for hoe procedures in a library should behave and how they should be used.

Question 14

Documentation for an API/library

Answer 14

Necessary in understanding the behaviors provided by the API/library and how to use them.

Question 15

Simulations

Answer 15

Abstractions of more complex objects or phenomena for a specific purpose. Its is a representation that uses varying sets of values to reflect the changing state of a phenomenon.

Question 16

Problem

Answer 16

A general description of a task that can(or cannot) be solved algorithmically.

Question 17

Instance (of a problem)

Answer 17

An instance of a problem is a specific input. Ex. for a sorting problem, (2,3,1,7) is a specific instance.

Question 18

Decision problem

Answer 18

A problem with a yes/no answer.

Question 19

Optimization problem

Answer 19

A problem with the goal of finding the “best” solution among many.

Question 20

WHAT ARE POLYNOMIAL ALGORITHMS THAT RUN IN A REASONABLE TIME?

Answer 20

Constant, Linear, Square, Cube, ect.

Question 21

WHAT ARE POLYNOMIAL ALGORITHMS THAT RUN IN A UNREASONABLE TIME?

Answer 21

Exponential (5^x) or Factorial (x!)

Question 22

Heuristic

Answer 22

An approach to a problem that produces a solution that isn’t guaranteed to be optimal. Typically used in algorithms that run in a unreasonable time.

Question 23

Decidable problem

Answer 23

A decision problem for which an algorithm can be written to produce a correct output for all inputs. Ex. “Is this number even?”

Question 24

Undecidable problem

Answer 24

When no algorithm can be constructed that is ALWAYS capable of providing a correct yes-or-no answer. Some instances may have a algorithmic solution, but no algorithmic solution that could solve all instances of the problem.

Question 25

Machine Learning

Answer 25

The ability for a machine to learn/improve through experiences and exposure to data. This allows them to improve without being explicitly programmed.

Question 26

Data Mining

Answer 26

The process of sorting through large data sets to identify patterns & relationships. It helps solve problems through data analysis.

Question 27

Computer Bias/Algorithmic Bias

Answer 27

The systematic and unfair discrimination embedded within computer systems. It often reflects the bias of the developers themselves.

Question 28

Crowdsourcing

Answer 28

The practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet.

Question 29

Citizen Science

Answer 29

Scientific Research conducted in whole of part by distributed individuals (many whom are not scientists). They contribute to relevant data to reasearch through their own computing devices.

Question 30

Crowdsourcing vs. Citizen Science

Answer 30

Crowdsourcing involves a "crowd" providing information or data. Citizen Science involves the "crowd" being directly involved in the scientific process to to solve problems.

Question 31

Intellectual Property

Answer 31

Material created using a computer & is owned by the creator or an organization.

Question 32

Digital Divide

Answer 32

The ease pr access & distribution of digitalized information. It highlights ethical concerns such as unequal access and issues related to ownership and value of content.

Question 33

Creative Commons

Answer 33

A type of license that allows creators to legally share their work and let others use or build upon it under specified conditions.

Question 34

Open Source

Answer 34

Software that is made freely available for use, modification, and redistribution. It encourages collaborative development.

Question 35

Open Access

Answer 35

Research outputs and information that are freely available online without copyright or licensing restrictions.

Question 36

Ethical and Legal Concerns

Answer 36

Concerns relating to - Unauthorized access to digital media - Algorithmic bias - Data privacy concerns from constant data collection and monitoring And others.

Question 37

Safeguards

Answer 37

Measures should be implemented to protect intellectual property and promote responsible computing practices.

Question 38

Bandwidth

Answer 38

The maximum amount of data that's able to be transferred over an internet connection.

Question 39

Cloud Computing

Answer 39

The delivery of computing services (Servers, storages, databases, ect.) over the Internet (the "cloud"). Offers faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.

Question 40

Floating Point Representation

Answer 40

A way to encode numbers in a format that can handle very large and very small values.

Question 41

Overflow Error

Answer 41

An error that occurs when the computer tries to store more data that how much it can hold. Typically, it tries representing a number that it can't represent so it shows a irrational number.

Question 42

Rounding Error

Answer 42

An error that occurs when the computer fails to accurately represent a irrational number and instead represents them as integers or numbers with limited decimal places.

Question 43

Logic Error

Answer 43

When the computer runs the code but outputs the wrong or incorrect value.

Question 44

Runtime Error

Answer 44

An Error that occurs after the program starts running. EX. The computer starts running but then it tries to access a element with an index greater than the length of the list.

Question 45

Syntax Error

Answer 45

An Error that occurs when the coder or developer writes the code incorrectly. EX. Indenting incorrectly, Forgetting parentheses.