Other topics

Question 1

MC infective cause of lymphadenopathy

Answer 1

TB

Question 2

What is the disease in association with thymoma?

Answer 2

Myasthenia gravis

Question 3

Gene for achondroplasia

Answer 3

FGFR3

Question 4

Diagnosis of osteoporosis

Answer 4

DEXA scan <-2.5

Question 5

What is brown tumour?

Answer 5

a form of osteitis fibrosa cystica caused by hyperparathyroidism

Question 6

3 pathological stages of pyogenic osteomyelitis

Answer 6

suppuration –> sequestrum –> involucrum

Question 7

Name for TB spondylitis

Answer 7

Pott’s disease

Question 8

What is Paget’s disease of bone?

Answer 8

chronic bone dystrophy –> deformity, pain, fracture, or arthritis

Question 9

Radiological findings for osteoarthritis (5)

Answer 9

(R-LOSS)
Reduced joint space
Loose body
Osteophytes
Subchondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts

Question 10

Location of Bouchard nodes and Heberden nodes (what is the disease?)

Answer 10

Bouchard: PIPJ
Heberden: DIPJ
(osteoarthritis)

Question 11

Pannus formation (synovial proliferation)

Answer 11

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 12

baker cyst

Answer 12

[popliteal fossa]
rheumatoid arthritis

Question 13

Which gene are seronegative spondyloarthropathies associated with?

Answer 13

HLA-B27 +ve

Question 14

bamboo spine

Answer 14

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 15

Reiter’s triad

Answer 15

[reactive arthritis / Reiter syndrome]
urethritis + reactive arthritis + conjunctivitis

Question 16

Pencil-in-cup deformity in DPIJ

Answer 16

Psoriatic arthritis

Question 17

Compare the crystals between gout and pseudo-gout

Answer 17

Gout: monosodium urate, needle-shaped, -ve birefringent
Pseudo-gout: calcium pyrophosphate, rhomboid-shaped, +ve birefringent

Question 18

All primary bone tumours are male predominant except…

Answer 18

Chondroma (M=F)
Giant cell tumour (F>M)

Question 19

Primary bone tumours by onset ages in ascending order

Answer 19

Ewing’s sarcoma (10~15)
< Osteosarcoma = Chondroblastoma (10~20)
< Osteoid osteoma = Osteoblastoma (10~30)
< Chondroma = Giant cell tumour (20~50)
< Chondrosarcoma (40~70)

Question 20

Malignant primary bone tumours (3)

Answer 20

Osteosarcoma (MC), Chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma

Question 21

How to differentiate between osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma?

Answer 21

<2cm: osteoid osteoma
>=2cm: osteoblastoma

Question 22

Codman’s triangle

Answer 22

osteosarcoma X-ray feature

Question 23

MC benign bone tumour

Answer 23

osteochondroma

Question 24

Chicken-wire calcification

Answer 24

chondroblastoma

Question 25

Onion skin / sunburst periosteal reaction on X-ray

Answer 25

Ewing's sarcoma

Question 26

Common sources of bone metastasis a. which two are usually solitary? b. which is sclerotic?

Answer 26

thyroid, breast, lungs, kidney, prostate a. thyroid, kidney b. prostate

Question 27

MC location of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 27

lower lips

Question 28

What is the typical example of field cancerization?

Answer 28

head and neck SCC (100x more likely to develop another primary tumour in the region)

Question 29

Virus associated with oropharyngeal SCC (what is the prognosis?)

Answer 29

HPV (better prognosis)

Question 30

Virus associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 30

EBV

Question 31

Classification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 31

keratinising squamous non-keratinising squamous (differentiated, undifferentiated) basaloid squamous

Question 32

Risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 32

genetics, environment (nitrosamines, smoking, chemical fumes)

Question 33

Pathology of MC type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 33

syncytial sheets of undifferentiated, non-keratinising cells dense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate EBV-encoded RNA +ve

Question 34

Autoimmune disease associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 34

dermatomyositis

Question 35

Virus for sialadenitis

Answer 35

mumps virus

Question 36

What is Sjogren syndrome?

Answer 36

autoimmune destruction of salivary, lacrimal, and conjuntival glands

Question 37

MC site of salivary gland neoplasm

Answer 37

parotid gland

Question 38

Where is ameloblastoma found?

Answer 38

teeth (origin: odontogenic epithelium) (benign)

Question 39

What is pathological fracture?

Answer 39

Bone fracture caused by a force that is disproportionally less than the extent of fracture because the bone structure is weakened by other underlying disease

Question 40

MC cause of osteonecrosis

Answer 40

corticosteorid