Others Flashcards

Question

aggregate

Answer 1

As a noun: Aggregate (noun) refers to a whole formed by combining several different elements or components. Examples: The aggregate of the survey results revealed a clear preference for the new product. The team's aggregate score determined their overall ranking in the tournament. The company's annual report provided an aggregate of its financial performance over the past year. As a verb: Aggregate (verb) means to gather, collect, or combine various elements or components into a whole. Examples: The students were asked to aggregate the data from their individual research projects to create a comprehensive report. The company decided to aggregate customer feedback from various sources to identify common trends and areas for improvement. We need to aggregate the sales figures from different regions to get a complete picture of the company's performance.

Answer 2

he ability to understand an event or situation only after it has happened: With (the benefit/wisdom of) hindsight, I should have taken the job. In hindsight, it would have been better to wait with hindsight With hindsight it is easy to say they should not have released him. in hindsight What looks obvious in hindsight was not at all obvious at the time. It's easy to criticize with the benefit of hindsight.

Answer 3

a strong piece of special clothing that ties the arms to the body and is used for limiting the movements of dangerous prisoners and mentally ill patients whose behaviour is violent: Brody was locked in a padded cell and forced to wear a straitjacket.

Answer 4

used to say what the situation will be if something does not happen: I hope to see you there but, if not, I'll call you. If they have any mangoes, get a couple and if not, I'll pick some up tomorrow. Obviously it would be great if Sam could drive us there, but if not, we can just get the train.

Answer 5

your bread and butter a job or activity that provides you with the money you need to live: Gardening is my bread and butter right now.

Answer 6

something that makes it more difficult for you to do something or for something to develop: I've never considered my disability a hindrance, but other people have. The lack of funding for the project was a major hindrance to its success. The traffic jam was a hindrance to getting to the airport on time. His poor eyesight proved to be a hindrance to his ability to drive at night. The strict regulations were a hindrance to the company's ability to innovate. The language barrier proved to be a hindrance in the negotiations with the foreign business partners.

Answer 7

a person whose job is to paint the inside or outside of buildings and to do other related work: a firm of painters and decorators

Answer 8

a man who is skilled at repairing and making things inside or outside the house and who does this in his own home or as a job

Answer 9

a tall, spinning column of air that moves across the surface of the land or sea After winning the championship, the team was caught up in a whirlwind of celebrations and interviews. She had a whirlwind romance with the man she met on vacation. The company CEO's visit was a whirlwind of meetings and presentations. The storm caused a whirlwind of debris and leaves to spiral through the air. The musician's rise to fame was a whirlwind of concerts, interviews, and appearances.

Answer 10

a small building, usually made of wood, used for storing things: a tool/storage shed UK a garden/bicycle shed

Answer 11

the process of changing the way something looks or works in order to make it better or more attractive: News that the company is attempting an image makeover has been welcomed. get/have/undergo a makeover Equity release plans have had a makeover and are now proving popular with pensioners keen to unlock cash from their homes. give sth a makeover In an attempt to boost sluggish profits, the store was given a makeover.

Answer 12

small pieces of rubbish that have been left lying on the ground in public places: About two percent of fast-food packaging ends up as litter. Please do not litter on the street, use the garbage bin provided." The park was covered in litter after the concert ended." Littering is not only harmful to the environment but also a punishable offense." The ocean is full of litter, causing harm to marine life."

Answer 13

take pride in something/someone to feel very pleased about something or someone you are closely connected with: If you don't take professional pride in your work, you're probably in the wrong job. The new coach is determined to create a team that takes pride in its performance. She took pride in her ability to inspire loyalty. The school takes pride in the pastoral care it offers. They took pride in their children without boasting about their success.

Answer 14

the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving: Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine. The advent of the internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information." The advent of the industrial revolution brought about significant changes in manufacturing and production." The advent of the digital age has transformed the way we live and work." The advent of social media has changed the way we connect and share our experiences with others."

Answer 15

a strange habit or characteristic that is seen as not important and not harming anyone: We all have our little foibles. We have to tolerate each other's little foibles. He often writes about the workings of government and the foibles of politicians. I soon got used to his little foibles.

Answer 16

special words and phrases that are used by particular groups of people, especially in their work: military/legal/computer jargon Try to avoid using too much technical jargon.

Answer 17

a piece of furniture or a space for storing things, with a door or doors and usually with shelves: a kitchen cupboard We keep the hoover and mop in a cupboard under the stairs. Is there plenty of cupboard space (= are there many cupboards) in your new house? airing cupboard a heated cupboard where clothes, sheets, etc. that have been washed and are almost dry are put so that they can become completely dry

Answer 18

a comfortable room in a large house used for relaxing or for entertaining guests n modern times, the term "drawing room" is less commonly used, and the function of the room has evolved to serve a variety of purposes, such as a living room or a family room.

Answer 19

a short, simple story that teaches or explains an idea, especially a moral or religious idea

Answer 20

a business that provides a stated type of personal service or sells a stated product: a beauty parlour an ice-cream/pizza parlour (especially in the past) a room in a private house used for relaxing, especially one that was kept tidy for entertaining guests: the front parlour an Edwardian parlour

Answer 21

a person who does not have expert knowledge of a particular subject a book written for professionals and laymen alike to explain something in layman’s terms (= in simple language) For example, a layman might have a basic understanding of the law, but is not a trained lawyer. Similarly, a layman might have a general understanding of medicine, but is not a trained medical professional. The term "layman" is often used in contrast to an expert The scientist explained the complex concept in simple terms that even a layman could understand. The legal jargon used in court can be confusing for a layman. The doctor tried to explain the medical diagnosis to the patient in layman's terms. The software developer wrote the user manual in layman's language to help non-technical users understand how to use the product. The journalist was skilled at translating complicated economic concepts into layman's terms for his readers. The carpenter explained the building process to the homeowner in layman's terms, so they could understand the work that needed to be done.

Answer 22

to make somebody want to ask a question that has not yet been answered All of which begs the question as to who will fund the project. to talk about something as if it were definitely true, even though it might not be These assumptions beg the question that children learn languages more easily than adults. Arguing that we should ban guns because they are dangerous begs the question of whether there are other ways to reduce gun violence." Saying that the restaurant has the best food because it is the most expensive begs the question of whether the quality of the food is actually the best."

Answer 23

by chance It just so happened they'd been invited too. The expression "it so happens that" is typically used to introduce an unexpected or coincidental circumstance that is relevant to the conversation or situation. It can be used to explain a surprising or fortunate event, or to acknowledge an unusual or unexpected fact. For example: "It so happens that I have a spare ticket to the concert tonight, would you like to join me?" "It so happens that I have a friend who works in that industry, I could ask them for advice." It so happens that I'm free next week, so I could help you with your project." In each of these examples, the speaker is sharing a piece of information that is relevant to the conversation, but is also unexpected or coincidental. The phrase "it so happens that" is used to draw attention to this aspect of the situation.

Answer 24

Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.

Answer 25

(informal) used to say that a particular fact is true despite what has happened in the past or what may happen in the future Well, that's one good piece of news at any rate. I may be away on business next week but at any rate I'll be back by Friday. used to show that you are being more accurate about something that you have just said He said he'll be coming tomorrow. At any rate, I think that's what he said. used to show that what you have just said is not as important as what you are going to say There were maybe 60 or 70 people there. At any rate, the room was packed.

Answer 26

generally means to direct one's gaze towards them or to observe them. The phrase can be used in a literal sense, as in physically looking at someone who is in your presence, or in a more figurative sense, you might "look upon" someone with admiration or respect, Conversely, you might "look upon" someone with disdain or disapproval She looked upon the old photograph with fond memories of her childhood. In some cultures, it is considered disrespectful to look upon someone with your shoes on. He looked upon the city skyline in awe as he stood on the rooftop. The artist looked upon his finished painting with a sense of satisfaction. We should look upon nature with respect and appreciate its beauty. Many people look upon success as the ultimate goal in life, but happiness is more important. The villagers looked upon the stranger with suspicion, wondering why he had come to their town.

Answer 27

used to indicate that despite any arguments or discussion to the contrary, a particular point or assertion is still true and cannot be refuted or ignored. Well, the fact remains that there are numerous historical records that document the event." The fact remains that we still don't know who stole the money. Despite the controversy, the fact remains that the company's profits are up. The fact remains that climate change is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Many people disagree with his views, but the fact remains that he has a large following. The fact remains that we need to find a solution to this problem as soon as possible. He may have apologized, but the fact remains that he still caused a lot of harm. Despite all the evidence to the contrary, the fact remains that some people still deny the existence of climate change.

Answer 28

the most important or difficult part of a problem or an issue SYNONYM nub Now we come to the crux of the matter. The crux of the problem is that we don't have enough money to fund the project. The crux of the matter is whether we can convince the board to approve our proposal. The crux of the issue is that there is a fundamental disagreement about what the data means. The crux of the story is the unexpected plot twist at the end.

Answer 29

confidence in yourself and your abilities SYNONYM self-confidence, confidence (2) He radiated an air of calm self-assurance. During the interview, the candidate exuded a sense of self-assurance and confidence, which impressed the hiring manager. The speaker delivered her presentation with self-assurance, making a compelling case for her proposal. John's self-assurance in his abilities helped him overcome his fear of public speaking and deliver a successful speech at the conference. Despite facing criticism from her colleagues, Sarah maintained her self-assurance and continued to believe in her ideas. The athlete's self-assurance was evident on the field as she executed her game plan with precision and confidence.

Answer 30

the level at which something starts to happen or have an effect He has a low boredom threshold (= he gets bored easily). I have a high pain threshold (= I can suffer a lot of pain before I start to react). My earnings are just above the tax threshold (= more than the amount at which you start paying tax).

Answer 31

the act of allowing yourself to have or do anything that you enjoy: Rarely have I seen two people work together so effortlessly and with so little self-indulgence. Why should they be made to feel guilty for a little self-indulgence? His self-indulgence in eating junk food led to a decline in his health. She viewed his expensive purchase as an act of self-indulgence. The author's memoir was criticized for its self-indulgence and lack of editing. His self-indulgence in spending money on luxury items left him with significant debt. Some people view taking a long vacation as an act of self-indulgence. Her self-indulgence in sleeping in every day resulted in her being late for work. The company's self-indulgence in lavish office parties was criticized by its employees.

Answer 32

great tiredness: She knew she should keep running, but intense fatigue and weariness overtook her. 30 hours or more of intense physical training might induce some stress or weariness.

Answer 33

If you know something to your cost, you know it because of an unpleasant experience that you have had. Kathryn knows to her cost the effect of having served a jail sentence. There are very few people he can talk to in total confidence, as he has discovered to his cost.

Answer 34

a generally accepted opinion or decision among a group of people: The general consensus in the office is that he can't do his job. Could we reach a consensus on this matter? Let's take a vote.

Answer 35

the opposite, less good, or less popular side of something: We're now starting to see the flip side of the government's economic policy.

Answer 36

a bumpy/rough/easy, etc. ride informal used to describe a situation that is dangerous, difficult, easy, etc.: Stocks could be in for a bumpy ride as Wall Starting a new business can be a bumpy ride, with many challenges and obstacles along the way. The stock market has been a bumpy ride lately, with prices fluctuating wildly. The political campaign was a bumpy ride for the candidate, who faced a lot of opposition and negative publicity.

Answer 37

A layperson is a term used to refer to someone who is not an expert in a particular field or profession, and who lacks specialized knowledge or training in that area. A layperson is typically an ordinary person who does not have professional or technical expertise in a specific field, and who may not have the same level of knowledge or understanding as someone who has received specialized training or education. The workshop is designed for laypeople who want to learn basic carpentry skills. The book explains complex scientific concepts in a way that is accessible to laypeople. The lecture was aimed at a lay audience and did not assume any prior knowledge of the topic. The museum offers guided tours for laypeople who are interested in learning more about art history. The website provides health information for laypeople who want to learn how to manage chronic conditions.

Answer 38

the crime of secretly taking money that is in your care or that belongs to an organization or business you work for: They were arrested for embezzlement of company funds. He's accused of tax evasion, embezzlement, and fraud.

Answer 39

a strong feeling of disliking and having no respect for someone or something: At school she had complete contempt for all her teachers. You should treat those remarks with the contempt that they deserve. She's beneath contempt (= I have no respect for her)! He looked at her with contempt after she made the rude comment. The defendant showed contempt towards the judge during the trial by rolling his eyes. She felt contempt towards her boss for not treating her fairly. The politician's speech was full of contempt towards his opponents. The teacher had contempt for the student who was always disrupting the class. The lawyer accused the witness of showing contempt for the court by refusing to answer the question.

Answer 40

a person whose job is to take care of wild animals and birds that are kept especially for hunting

Answer 41

the hair, wool, or fur covering an animal: a thick/glossy/matted coat

Answer 42

an attempt to do something: The verb "endeavor" means to make an effort or attempt to achieve a goal or purpose. It implies a sincere and persistent effort towards achieving something, often despite challenges or obstacles. As a noun, "endeavor" refers to a specific effort or attempt made towards a particular goal or purpose. In spite of our best endeavors, it has proven impossible to contact her. Crossing the North Pole on foot was an amazing feat of human endeavor. artistic endeavor Despite the challenges, she continued to endeavor to achieve her goals. The team's endeavor to build a better product resulted in a successful launch. Our company's endeavor to reduce its carbon footprint has led to the implementation of several sustainable practices. As a teacher, my endeavor is to help my students reach their full potential. The organization's endeavor to promote equality and social justice has led to positive change in many communities

Answer 43

an unpleasant mixture of loud sounds: What a cacophony! As we entered the farmyard we were met with a cacophony of animal sounds.

Answer 44

one of a set of long pieces of wood or metal used to support a building so that it is above the ground or above water: The houses are built on stilts to protect them from the annual floods.

Answer 45

a poisonous liquid that some snakes, insects, etc. produce and can put into another animal's body by biting or stinging

Answer 46

The expression "crunch time" refers to a period of intense pressure, usually associated with a deadline that is fast approaching. It is a time when a project or task must be completed, and there is little time left to do it. "It's crunch time for our team as the project is due in two days, and we still have a lot of work to do." "It's crunch time for the team as they are down by one point with only two minutes left in the game."

Answer 47

the epitome of something the typical or highest example of a stated quality, as shown by a particular person or thing: Even now in her sixties, she is the epitome of French elegance. She was the epitome of grace and elegance, with perfect poise and impeccable manners. The towering skyscraper was the epitome of modern architecture, with its sleek lines and innovative design. His behavior was the epitome of professionalism, always courteous and respectful to his colleagues. The fashion designer's latest collection was the epitome of haute couture, with stunning gowns and intricate detailing.

Answer 48

The term "bound" in the context of a person can mean a few different things depending on the context. Here are some possible meanings: To be "bound for" a destination means to be heading towards it or on the way to it. For example, "We're bound for Paris on the next train." To be "bound by" a rule or restriction means to be obliged to follow it or to be limited by it. For example, "As a member of the organization, I am bound by the code of ethics." To be "bound to" a person or place means to be closely connected to them or to have a strong sense of loyalty or duty towards them. For example, "I am bound to my family and will always put their needs first." To "bound someone" can also mean to place them under an obligation or to legally commit them to do something. For example, "The court bound the defendant to pay restitution to the victim."

Answer 49

a short period of doing a particular, usually enjoyable, activity much more than is usual: I went on a drinking/shopping/spending spree on Saturday. 20 people were shot dead in the city, making it the worst killing spree since the riots. Jenny went on a shopping spree and came back with bags full of clothes, shoes, and accessories. After finishing his exams, Jack went on a drinking spree with his friends and ended up with a terrible hangover the next day. Sarah decided to go on a sightseeing spree and visited all the major tourist attractions in Paris in just two days. Mike went on a spending spree and bought himself a new laptop, a TV, and a gaming console, even though he couldn't afford it. Lisa and her friends went on a food spree and tried all the famous restaurants and street food stalls in the city.

Answer 50

The phrase "in for a treat" is typically used to convey the idea that someone is about to experience something enjoyable, pleasant, or exciting. It is often used to express anticipation or excitement about an upcoming event or experience. For example, if a friend tells you that they have a surprise for you, and you respond by saying, "Oh, I'm in for a treat!" you are indicating that you are excited and looking forward to what your friend has in store for you. Similarly, if someone tells you that they are taking you to their favorite restaurant for dinner, and you respond by saying, "Wow, I'm in for a real treat!" you are expressing enthusiasm and anticipation for the meal you are about to enjoy.

Answer 51

When something "can be said" as something, it means that the thing in question can be described or expressed in a particular way. This phrase is often used to convey that the description or expression is not definitive or absolute, but rather a possible or reasonable interpretation or characterization. For example, if someone says "The painting can be said to be an abstract expressionist work," they are suggesting that one way of describing the painting is as an abstract expressionist work, but that there may be other valid ways of describing it as well.

Answer 52

The expression "if little else" is used to convey that something has very few positive qualities or advantages, but it has at least one positive quality or advantage that can be recognized. This phrase is often used to acknowledge the limited or unimpressive nature of something, while still giving credit where credit is due. For example: "The movie was long and slow, but if little else, the acting was excellent." In this example, the speaker is acknowledging that the movie had some flaws, but at least the acting was good. "The restaurant's menu was limited and overpriced, but if little else, the service was friendly and attentive." In this example, the speaker is pointing out that the restaurant had some shortcomings, but at least the service was good. "The trip was exhausting and crowded, but if little else, we saw some amazing scenery."

Answer 53

except if a particular thing happens: We should arrive at ten o'clock, barring any (= if there are no) unexpected delays. Barring any unforeseen circumstances, the project should be completed on time. The event is open to everyone, barring those who have not registered in advance. The restaurant serves all types of food, barring any dietary restrictions or allergies. Barring a miracle, the team is unlikely to win the championship this year. The park is open to visitors all year round, barring severe weather conditions.

Answer 54

a force or influence that stretches, pulls, or puts pressure on something, sometimes causing damage: The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed. As you get older, excess weight puts a lot of strain on the heart. Their constant arguments were putting a strain on their marriage. The recent decline in the dollar has put a bigger strain on the economic system. Migration into the cities is putting a strain on already stretched resources. something that makes you feel nervous and worried: She's a lot better than she was but she's still not ready to face the stresses and strains of a job. He's been under a lot of strain recently.

Answer 55

To wear something on your sleeve means to openly display or express your emotions, beliefs, or intentions without trying to hide them. The phrase originates from the practice of knights wearing the colors of their lady on their sleeves to show their devotion. When someone wears their heart on their sleeve, they are not afraid to show their feelings or be vulnerable. For example, if someone wears their passion for a particular cause on their sleeve, it means they openly express their support and dedication to that cause. In contrast, someone who keeps their feelings to themselves and doesn't express them openly is said to keep them close to their chest.

Answer 56

to have an influence on something or a relationship to something: What you decide now could have a considerable bearing on your future. It was clear that this testimony could have a bearing on the case we were investigating. The success of each team has a bearing on its finances. Studies show that height doesn't appear to have a bearing on a child's popularity. The fall in annual profit may have had a bearing on her resignation.

Answer 57

he ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painful for a long time: Running a marathon is a test of human endurance. The pain was bad beyond endurance.

Answer 58

a piece of work or a job that you get paid for doing in addition to doing your main job: Here are some ideas for a side hustle. The series is designed to inspire hard-working corporate employees to start a side hustle if they are interested in eventually starting a business. She works a 9-to-5 job, but she also has a side hustle selling handmade jewelry online. Many people have a side hustle to earn extra income to pay off debt or save for a specific goal. The gig economy has made it easier for people to find side hustles that fit their skills and schedule. He enjoys photography and has turned it into a side hustle, taking pictures for weddings and events. Some people turn their passion for cooking into a side hustle by starting a catering business or selling their baked goods.

Answer 59

The expression "Yet it was not always thus" typically implies that something has changed from its previous state. The word "yet" indicates a contrast with the current situation, and "it was not always thus" means that in the past, things were different. This expression is often used to highlight a transformation, a shift, or a development that has taken place over time, and to suggest that the current state is not necessarily the natural or inevitable one. "The city is now a bustling metropolis with towering skyscrapers and bustling crowds, yet it was not always thus. Just a century ago, it was a small, sleepy town surrounded by farmland." "Today, we take the internet for granted, but yet it was not always thus. In the early days of computing, people had to physically connect machines together to share data, and the idea of a global network of interconnected computers was still science fiction." "The relationship between the two countries is now friendly and cooperative, yet it was not always thus. For many years, there was deep animosity and mistrust between them, fueled by historical conflicts and political differences."

Answer 60

something that shows what a situation is like: Commodity prices can be a useful indicator of inflation, he claimed. an economic indicator

Answer 61

someone who does skilled work with their hands

Answer 62

the process of getting something: The acquisition of huge amounts of data has helped our research enormously. Their main methods of food acquisition were hunting and fishing.

Answer 63

the process of making a substance pure: The refinement of raw opium yields other drugs, such as morphine. a small change that improves something: These refinements have increased the machine's accuracy by 25 percent. Clearly, the hypothesis does need some refinement, in the light of these surprising results.

Answer 64

doing something you promised or had scheduled: We all get together for dinner once a month, in keeping with (= following) family tradition. For example, if someone says "let's decorate the room in keeping with the theme of the party," it means they want the room to be decorated in a way that fits with the overall theme or style of the party. Similarly, if a company has a certain set of values, they may say that their actions are "in keeping with" those values to indicate that their actions align with the company's beliefs and principles.

Answer 65

a short remark or written statement: The story didn't even get a mention in the newspaper. When I ordered the catalogue, there was no mention of any payment.

Answer 66

a state or an example of problems or trouble, often causing a delay or loss of comfort: We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train. We had the inconvenience of being unable to use the kitchen for several weeks. Having to wait for ten minutes was a minor inconvenience.

Answer 67

If someone has a tendency to do or like something, they will probably do it or like it: [ + to infinitive ] His tendency to exaggerate is well known.

Answer 68

a series of events that happen in a planned and controlled way: Millions of people watched the proceedings on television. The Chairperson opened the proceedings with a short speech. The proceedings of the conference were recorded and will be published in a journal. The defendant's lawyer objected to the proceedings and asked for a mistrial. The proceedings of the court case were broadcast live on television. The proceedings of the meeting were conducted in English and translated into Spanish for non-English speakers. The proceedings of the inquiry revealed several instances of misconduct by the company's executives.

Answer 69

the quality of being gentle, loving, or kind: She treated the children with great tenderness.

Answer 70

a large amount of something good: Jim has a wealth of teaching experience. Russia has a wealth of coal and timber. He inherited a great deal of wealth from his grandfather. The company's wealth grew significantly after the successful product launch. She married him for his wealth and status. The country's natural resources provide great wealth to its people. Despite his wealth, he still lived a very modest lifestyle

Answer 71

(the way someone earns) the money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc.: Many ship workers could lose their livelihoods because of falling orders for new ships. That farm is his livelihood. Fishing is the main source of livelihood for many people in this coastal town." "The recent drought has severely affected farmers' livelihoods in this region." "Her small business provides a livelihood for her and her family." "Tourism is a major contributor to the local economy, providing livelihoods for many people in the area." "The organization's mission is to improve the livelihoods of marginalized communities through education and training

Answer 72

help and advice about how to do something or about how to deal with problems connected with your work, education, or personal relationships: I've always looked to my father for guidance in these matters. careers guidance

Answer 73

seriousness: Even the doctors were shocked by the severity of his injuries. I don't think you quite understand the severity of our financial problems.

Answer 74

lack of ability to do something: [ + to infinitive ] Inability to use a computer is a serious disadvantage when you are applying for jobs.

Answer 75

She was born into a wealthy family, and had access to all the privileges that come with it. John was born into a family of musicians, and it was no surprise that he inherited their talent and passion for music. Maria was born into poverty, and had to work hard from a young age to make ends meet. As a prince, William was born into a life of royalty and duty. She was born into a family of doctors, and it was natural for her to follow in their footsteps and become a physician.

Answer 76

enthusiasm, eagerness, energy, and interest: It's wonderful to see the children's zest for life. He approached every task with a boundless zest. The recording captures the zest of this live concert performance. The dancers performed with zest and passion, energizing the audience with their enthusiasm. The chef added some lemon zest to the recipe, giving it a bright and citrusy flavor. The team tackled the project with zest and determination, working tirelessly to meet the deadline. The traveler explored the city with zest, trying new foods, and immersing themselves in the local culture. The artist painted with zest, using bold colors and expressive brushstrokes to bring their vision to life.

Answer 77

the fact of something becoming known or starting to exist: China's emergence as an economic power the emergence of a new strain of the HIV virus The emergence of new technologies has transformed the way we live and work. The pandemic has led to the emergence of new social norms and practices, such as remote work and virtual events. The athlete's emergence as a top contender took everyone by surprise, as they had been relatively unknown before. The emergence of a new political movement challenged the status quo and sparked a debate about the future of the country. The company's success can be attributed to the emergence of a strong and innovative leadership team. The scientist's discovery marked the emergence of a new

Answer 78

"in turn" can also be used to mean "as a result" or "consequently" to show that one thing has led to another in a sequence of events. Here are some examples: "The company failed to meet its sales targets, in turn, leading to a decrease in profits." "The heavy rain caused flooding, in turn, leading to road closures and traffic delays." "The president's controversial policies led to protests, in turn, leading to increased security measures."

Answer 79

a lot less: She's not nearly as beautiful as you said she was. My cold isn't nearly so bad as it was. In fact, the whole experience isn't nearly as scary as might be imagined. The issue isn't nearly as clear-cut as people think. I think you'll find the process isn't nearly so bad as you're expecting. Though it sold more copies than her first novel, it isn't nearly as funny. M brother doesn't earn nearly as much now as he did in the past

Answer 80

a very large number of something: a myriad of choices And now myriads of bars and hotels are opening up along the coast. The sky was filled with myriads of stars, each one twinkling brightly in the darkness. The city was home to myriads of different cultures, each one contributing to its rich and diverse history. The company offered myriads of products and services to its customers, catering to a wide range of needs and preferences. The garden was filled with myriads of flowers, each one adding its unique beauty and fragrance to the surroundings. The museum displayed myriads of artifacts and exhibits, showcasing the history and heritage of the region. The internet provided myriads of resources and information on almost any topic

Answer 81

"As it happens" is a phrase that is commonly used to introduce a surprising or unexpected fact, often in the middle of a story or conversation. It can also be used to emphasize the coincidental timing of an event. Here are some examples of how to use "as it happens" in a sentence: As it happens, I was just thinking about you before you called. As it happens, I have a spare ticket to the concert tonight if you're interested. As it happens, I used to live in the same city as your grandparents. As it happens, the book you recommended to me is one of my favorites. As it happens, I was at the store when the power went out, so I couldn't pay for my groceries.

Answer 82

an activity that you spend time doing, usually when you are not working: I enjoy outdoor pursuits, like hiking and riding. I don't have much opportunity for leisure pursuits these days. My main pursuit in life is to be happy and fulfilled." "She has a diverse range of pursuits, from playing the piano to practicing yoga." "John's pursuit of success in his career is admirable." "Traveling is one of my favorite pursuits, as it allows me to experience new cultures and perspectives." "It's important to have a balance of intellectual, physical, and creative pursuits in life."

Answer 83

too bad, good, difficult, etc. to be imagined: The brutality of the murders was beyond belief. These accusations against her are beyond belief. Some of the things people do to their kids are beyond belief. The athleticism they displayed was beyond belief. We were bored beyond belief that summer. It's beyond belief how anyone could make so many factual errors in such a short document. I was proud beyond belief of my son.

Answer 84

"In many years" is usually used to describe a specific period of time that is far in the future or distant past. For example: "I haven't seen a comet like this in many years." "In many years to come, our children will look back on these times and wonder how we managed." On the other hand, "for many years" is used to describe a period of time that has already passed, and often indicates a long duration of time. For example: "She worked for the same company for many years before retiring." "The old house had been abandoned for many years before it was renovated."

Answer 85

a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident: Police are appealing for witnesses to the accident to come forward. According to (eye) witnesses, the robbery was carried out by two teenage boys. be witness to something to see something happen: She was witness to the tragic event.

Answer 86

If you take the blame for something, you say that you did it or that it is your fault: If anything goes wrong, I'll take the blame. I'm afraid there was a failure of communication and I take the blame for that. He was happy to let colleagues take the blame for mistakes that he'd made himself. Surely, if you take the credit for the good things that happen, you have to take the blame for the bad stuff. The team's season was terrible, and someone had to take the blame. So the head coach was fired. On the other hand, "to place the blame" means to assign responsibility for something that has gone wrong to a particular person or group. It is the opposite of "to take the blame". Example: The CEO of the company placed the blame for the financial loss on the marketing department, which caused tension and conflict within the organization.

Answer 87

to search for something or someone: I'm always on the lookout for interesting new recipes. He was surfing the web, on the lookout for bargains. They are always on the lookout for promising new artists. Police are on the lookout for a woman wanted in connection with the robbery. Take care of yourself and be on the lookout for anything or anyone that looks suspicious.

Answer 88

to consider the facts of a situation and make a decision about what is true, correct, likely to happen, etc.: I'd seen them together so often, I drew the logical conclusion that they were husband and wife. On the basis of that one conversation, he mistakenly drew the conclusion that Sara wasn't interested in the job. I think it would be wrong to draw the conclusion that the world is now a more dangerous place. It was the way she spoke about him that made me draw the conclusion that they'd had a relationship. It's almost impossible to draw any conclusions from this study.

Answer 89

cradle is a small bed for a baby, esp. one with raised sides that can be pushed gently so that it moves from side to side The small town of Springfield is considered the cradle of the American Revolutionary War, as it was here that the first armed conflict between British soldiers and American colonists took place. Many people believe that Rome is the cradle of Western civilization, given its significant contributions to the arts, philosophy, and governance. The remote island of Madagascar is considered the cradle of biodiversity, as it is home to an incredibly diverse range of plants and animals found nowhere else on earth. The city of Florence is often called the cradle of the Renaissance, as it was here that many of the great artists, writers, and thinkers of that era flourished. Silicon Valley is widely regarded as the cradle of the tech industry, as it is here that many of the world's largest and most innovative technology companies were founded.

Answer 90

Your reach is the distance within which you can stretch out your arm and touch something: I like to keep a notebook and pencil within (arm's) reach. The top shelf is within/out of (his) reach. Make sure that you keep all dangerous substances out of the reach of the children. B2 [ U ] the distance that can be travelled, especially easily: We live within (easy) reach of the station.

Answer 91

“Either” is singular, and refers to one out of a choice of two, and therefore “either of them” would use a singular verb. Do not be confused by the prepositional phrase (“of them) describing “either.” Here are some examples. “Either of them is an excellent choice, but I personally prefer the red shoes instead of the blue ones.” “We would suggest you choose either of them, but please do not wear both of them at the same time.” Either Helen or John is incapable of doing it

Answer 92

get (someone) into the habit of (also get (someone) out of the habit of) to make (a person) start or stop doing (something) as a habit I wish I could get out of the habit of biting my nails You must get your children into the habit of cleaning their teeth. John is not in the habit of sleeping after meals Ever since she started working from home, she has gotten in the habit of taking a short walk outside during her lunch break. He's been in the habit of drinking a cup of coffee every morning for as long as he can remember. After years of smoking, he found it difficult to break the habit and quit for good. She's gotten in the habit of checking her phone constantly throughout the day, even when she's not expecting any important messages. The students were in the habit of procrastinating until the last minute, but with some encouragement, they

Answer 93

the feeling or quality of being grateful: deep/eternal gratitude She sent them a present to show/express her gratitude. Take this as a token of my gratitude for all your help.

Answer 94

Not for many years have I had such a bad cough Not for many years had I seen such a beautiful sunset. Not for many months had I felt so alive as when I went skydiving. Not for many years had the town experienced such a severe drought. Not for many months had I eaten such a delicious meal as the one I had at that restaurant. Not for many years had I been so excited for a book release as I am for this one.

Answer 95

The manager made John responsible for the completion of the project. It's important to make your children responsible for their actions and decisions. The company made Susan responsible for managing the team and ensuring that all deadlines were met. The coach made the team captain responsible for organizing practices and team events. The teacher made each student responsible for keeping track of their own homework and assignments.

Answer 96

If you don't wear sunscreen, you're in danger of getting a sunburn. If you don't exercise regularly and maintain a healthy diet, you're in danger of getting high blood pressure. If you don't lock your doors at night, you're in danger of getting robbed. If you don't take precautions while hiking in bear country, you're in danger of getting attacked by a bear. If you don't wear a helmet while riding a bike, you're in danger of getting a head injury.

Answer 97

Use "fewer" when you are referring to items that can be counted as individual units. Example: "I have fewer books than my sister." In this example, "books" is a countable noun, so "fewer" is used to indicate a smaller quantity of a specific number of individual units. No fewer than six people are required Use "less" when you are referring to an amount of something that cannot be counted as individual units. Example: "I have less water than I need." In this example, "water" is an uncountable noun, so "less" is used to indicate a smaller quantity of an uncountable substance. Here's another example: "I have fewer apples but less fruit overall." In this example, "apples" is a countable noun, so "fewer" is used. However, "fruit" is an uncountable noun, so "less" is used to indicate a smaller amount of the substance as a whole.

Answer 98

I'm weak at math, so I struggle with solving complex equations. She's weak at public speaking, so she gets nervous when presenting in front of a large audience. He's weak at cooking, so he often burns his food or makes dishes that don't taste good. They're weak at playing soccer, so they often lose matches against more skilled opponents. She's weak at remembering names, so she often forgets people's names shortly after meeting them.

Answer 99

There's no denying that this has been a difficult year for the company. He's undoubtedly a tricky character but there's no denying that he can sing. Whatever you think of her management style, there's no denying she's turned the company around. It's a great series, but there's no denying that it's extremely sad. There's no denying that this is a superb meal.

Answer 100

It looks as if it's going to rain, so you might want to bring an umbrella with you. It looks as if the company is going to announce layoffs soon, based on the rumors circulating among employees. It looks as if we're going to miss our flight, since we're stuck in traffic and the airport is far away. It looks as if she's going to win the race, as she's in the lead and her opponents are far behind. It looks as if the project is going to be completed on time, as everything is progressing smoothly and we're ahead of schedule.

Answer 101

Any objection to me opening the window? It's getting stuffy in here. Any objection to me leaving the party early? I have to wake up early tomorrow. Any objection to me taking the last piece of cake? I'll buy a new one tomorrow. Any objection to me bringing my dog to the park? She loves running around and playing fetch. Any objection to me joining your study group? I need some extra help with the material.

Answer 102

used after an order or suggestion to show what the result will be if you do not follow that order or suggestion: I'd better write it down, otherwise I'll forget it. Call home, otherwise your parents will start to worry. Please make sure to turn off all electronic devices, otherwise, it may interfere with the aircraft's navigation system. He was always a responsible driver, but otherwise, he was reckless with his personal life. I love my job, but otherwise, my life can be quite dull and uneventful. I don't like spicy food, but otherwise, I'll eat just about anything. The hotel offers free breakfast, but otherwise, you'll have to pay for all your meals. I need to finish this project by tomorrow, otherwise, I'll miss the deadline. She's a talented musician, but otherwise, she's quite shy and reserved. The concert was fantastic, but otherwise, it was a long and tiring day. The doctor advised her to take her medication regularly, otherwise, her health condition may worsen. We need to arrive at the airport at least two hours before our flight, otherwise, we might miss it due to long security lines.

Answer 103

the state of being clean, or the act of keeping things clean Her job involved checking the cleanliness of restaurants.

Answer 104

a position of power, strength, or success: They are in danger of losing their political ascendancy (= controlling power). Supporters of the proposal are currently in the ascendancy over its opponents (= are more powerful than them). With his outstanding academic record, he quickly gained ascendancy among his peers at the university. The new CEO's aggressive business strategy helped the company regain its ascendancy in the market. The political party was able to maintain its ascendancy in the region through its populist policies and strong leadership

Answer 105

This old car may not be flashy, but it serves its purpose of getting me from point A to point B." "Although the furniture is not stylish, it serves its purpose of providing a comfortable place to sit."

Answer 106

a large number of something: There's a whole host of reasons why he didn't get the job. Their clients were using a host of different advertising methods. We read works by Swift, Kipling, Waugh, and a host of lesser writers. Use of these fuels creates a host of environmental and human health problems. There was a whole host of reasons why the business failed.

Answer 107

Many activists are dedicating their lives to the fight against climate change." "The government has launched a campaign to fight against the spread of misinformation on social media." "The organization is working to fight against discrimination based on race, gender, and sexual orientation." "The medical community is united in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic." "The civil rights movement was a fight against systemic racism and oppression."

Answer 108

to stop hoping that a particular thing will happen: We still haven't given up hope of finding her alive. He just believed in her and no matter how bad things got, he refused to give up hope. I know the situation is dire, but don't give up hope. I'd started to give up hope that I'd hear back from them. We never gave up hope that he would come back home. I don't want to give up hope of going to collegue

Answer 109

to communicate or continue to communicate with someone by using a phone or writing to them: Are you still in touch with any of your old school friends? Jen and I never kept in touch after college. We're in close touch with our office in Spain. Is she still in touch with her ex? Many therapists think it's important for adults to get in touch with their inner child. The police put me in touch with Victim Support. The president responded angrily to the charge that she had lost touch with her country's people.

Answer 110

a memory of something: I have many pleasant recollections of the time we spent together.

Answer 111

the use of a lot of mental or physical effort: I get out of breath with any kind of physical exertion. We were exhausted after our exertions. Running a marathon requires a lot of exertion and mental strength. After a long day of manual labor, he was too exhausted to do any more exertion. The mountain climber had to use all his exertion to reach the summit of the peak. The athlete's coach pushed her to her limits during training, requiring her to exert herself to the fullest.

Answer 112

someone who has been chosen officially for a job or responsibility: a government appointee The new appointee will be working closely with both departments. The new appointee to the board of directors brings years of experience in finance and management. The appointee for the vacant judge position was confirmed by the Senate after a lengthy confirmation process. The company's CEO announced the appointment of a new appointee to the position of Chief Operating Officer. The President-elect announced his cabinet appointees during his first press conference. The appointee for the ambassadorship to the United Nations has a background in international relations and diplomacy.

Answer 113

She said she would come to the party, or else she would let us know if she couldn't make it. (meaning "If she can't make it to the party, she will let us know.") You can come with us to the beach, or else you can stay at home and relax. (meaning "You have two options - either come with us to the beach or stay at home.") The team needs to win this game, or else they'll be eliminated from the tournament. (meaning "If they don't win this game, they'll be eliminated from the tournament.") Please finish your homework before dinner, or else you'll have to do it after. (meaning "If you don't finish your homework before dinner, you'll have to do it later.") You can buy the shoes now, or else they might be sold out later. (meaning "If you don't buy the shoes now, there's a chance they won't be available later.")

Answer 114

With a little effort, you can easily learn how to play the guitar. He was able to solve the math problem with little effort because he had studied it extensively the night before. She won the race with little effort because she had trained hard for months leading up to it. If you put in a little effort to prepare for the interview, you'll have a better chance of getting the job. With a little effort, you can make significant changes to your diet and improve your overall health.

Answer 115

She can either walk or take the bus to work. Either way, I'm going to finish this project by tomorrow. You can either do it yourself or ask someone for help. He's either very brave or very foolish to go skydiving. We can go to the beach today or tomorrow; either day works for me. You can either pay for the item now or put it on credit. The train is either early or on time, it's never late. You can either attend the meeting in person or join via video conference. We can either order pizza or cook something at home for dinner. Either he's lying or he simply doesn't remember what happened.

Answer 116

Whatever you do, don't forget to turn off the lights before leaving the room. You can wear whatever you like to the party; there's no dress code. I don't care about the movie; we can watch whatever you want. Whatever happened to your old car? It used to be your favorite. Whatever the weather, we're still going to have a good time. He'll eat whatever is on his plate, even if he doesn't like it. You can choose whatever color you want for the walls; it's your room. Whatever the outcome, we have to be prepared for it. Whatever the reason, she didn't show up for the meeting. Whatever the cost, I'm willing to pay it to get this project done.

Answer 117

to start liking something or someone very much: Laura's taken a fancy to Japanese food. They visited Paris and took a fancy to the people. He started a new job and soon took a fancy to the boss's daughter. Katie seems to have taken a fancy to you. She wants you to come to dinner. He's worried the birds will take a fancy to his fruit bushes. I really took a fancy to the charming little bookstore on Main Street. My friend took a fancy to the new restaurant and insisted we try it out. Sarah took a fancy to the antique lamp in the vintage shop and decided to buy it. During our vacation in Italy, my husband took a fancy to the local gelato and had it every day.

Answer 118

"Misguided" refers to a person or idea that is mistaken, misguided or misinformed, often due to a lack of knowledge or understanding. It can also refer to actions or decisions that are based on incorrect beliefs or assumptions. Example: The company's misguided policies caused them to lose customers and revenue. "Misled", on the other hand, refers to being led astray or deceived by someone or something. It implies that someone intentionally provided false information or guidance that caused the person to make a wrong decision or take a wrong action. Example: The salesman misled the customer into buying a faulty product.

Answer 119

the fact that someone or something persists: Most financial analysts have been surprised by the persistence of the recession. Her persistence and enthusiasm have helped the group to achieve its international success.

Answer 120

a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party: the national Democratic convention Where are they holding their party convention? She addressed hundreds of attendees at the International Reading Association's annual convention. a usual or accepted way of behaving, especially in social situations, often following an old way of thinking or a custom in one particular society: They defied/flouted/broke with convention by giving up their jobs and becoming self-sufficient. Convention dictates that it is the man who asks the woman to marry him and not the other way round. In many countries it is the/a convention to wear black at funerals.

Answer 121

the death of a close relation or friend: She has recently suffered a bereavement. She is still struggling to cope with the bereavement of her husband. The company offers bereavement leave to employees who have lost a loved one. The support group is designed to help individuals who are going through the bereavement process. The funeral home offers a variety of bereavement services to help families during their time of grief. The community came together to offer support to the family during their bereavement.

Answer 122

to be offended or made angry by something or someone: Why did you take exception to what he said? He was only joking. He took exception to criticism about the lack of women on the board of his company. It is clear that some club members will take exception to these additional fees. They take exception to claims from protesters that their business harms animals. She took exception to her critics, accusing them of painting rumour as fact.

Answer 123

an action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can be used as a reason why a similar action or decision should be performed or made: There are several precedents for promoting people who don't have formal qualifications. Some politicians fear that agreeing to the concession would set a dangerous precedent.

Answer 124

The phrase "life and limb" is often used to describe a dangerous or risky situation in which a person's safety or well-being is at stake. It refers to the idea that someone is willing to risk both their life and their limbs (i.e. their arms and legs) in order to accomplish something or avoid harm. Here are a few examples of "life and limb" used in sentences: The firefighters risked their lives and limbs to rescue the people trapped inside the burning building. He was willing to risk life and limb in order to climb to the top of the mountain. The soldiers bravely defended their country, putting their lives and limbs on the line. She refused to give up the chase, even though it meant risking life and limb to catch the thief. The stunt performer performed death-defying stunts that put his life and limbs in danger.

Answer 125

a hill or other area of high land, especially in northwest England The hiker climbed to the top of the fell to enjoy the stunning views. Sheep graze on the fells, which can be challenging terrain for farming. The Lake District is famous for its stunning fells, which attract many hikers and outdoor enthusiasts. The fell runner tackled the steep ascent with determination, despite the challenging conditions. The village nestled at the foot of the fell, offering stunning views of the surrounding countryside.

Answer 126

New York City is home to some of the world's most famous landmarks, such as the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. The Amazon rainforest is home to a vast array of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. The university is home to a diverse community of students and scholars from around the world. The museum is home to an extensive collection of art and artifacts from ancient civilizations.

Answer 127

the way in which you are treated and educated when young, especially by your parents, especially in relation to the effect that this has on how you behave and make moral decisions: Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his upbringing?

Answer 128

the cost or process of keeping something, such as a building, in good condition: The upkeep of larger old properties is very expensive. Council employees are responsible for the upkeep of the gardens. Regular maintenance is essential for the upkeep of your car. The landlord is responsible for the upkeep of the rental property, including repairs and maintenance. The historical building requires a significant amount of upkeep to ensure that it remains in good condition. The garden requires regular upkeep, such as watering and weeding, to keep it looking beautiful. The company's reputation for high-quality products is maintained through the upkeep of strict quality control standards.

Answer 129

an act of opposition, sometimes using violence, by many people in one area of a country against those who are in power: Following a determined resistance in the east, there was eventually a popular uprising in the capital. The protests against police brutality in the city led to a massive uprising, with thousands of people taking to the streets. The historical novel tells the story of an uprising against an oppressive regime in a fictional kingdom. The workers' uprising in the factory led to a strike that lasted for weeks. The rebellion against the corrupt government sparked an uprising that spread throughout the country. The artist's music was seen as a call to action for social justice and was seen as an inspiration for the youth uprising.

Answer 130

a lot of rain in a short time

Answer 131

Bring about" means to cause something to happen or to come into existence. It implies that an action is taken in order to create a certain result or outcome. For example: The new policy brought about many changes in the company. The invention of the smartphone brought about a revolution in communication. "Arouse" means to awaken or stimulate a feeling, emotion, or interest in someone or something. It implies that something already exists and is being activated or intensified. For example: The music aroused a sense of nostalgia in me. The speech aroused the crowd's enthusiasm and support

Answer 132

information intended to advise people on how something should be done or what something should be: The EU has issued guidelines on appropriate levels of pay for part-time manual workers.

Answer 133

The growth of a person, animal, or plant is its process of increasing in size: A balanced diet is essential for healthy growth. Plant growth is most noticeable in spring and early summer. B2 [ U ] an increase in the size or the importance of something: The government is trying to limit population growth. The rapid growth of opposition to the plan has surprised the mayor. Electronic publishing is a growth area (= an area of activity that is increasing in size and developing quickly).

Answer 134

Widely" refers to the extent or range of something that is happening or present. It describes how far or how extensively something is spread out. For example: The news of the earthquake was widely reported in the media. (The news was reported extensively in various media outlets.) The book was widely read by people of all ages. (Many people, from different age groups, read the book.) "Widespread" describes something that is common or prevalent over a large area or among a large group of people. It refers to how widely something is spread out, but also indicates the degree of occurrence or prevalence. For example: The virus has become widespread in the community. (The virus is commonly occurring among people in the community.) The protest was met with widespread support from the public. (Many people across different groups showed support for the protest.) In summary, "widely" refers to the range or extent of something, while "widespread" refers to the degree or prevalence of something over a large area or among a large group of people.

Answer 135

official rules and processes that seem unnecessary and delay results: We must cut through the red tape.

Answer 136

a person who is not willing to work, does not behave in a responsible way, and does not fit into ordinary society: He's a real deadbeat who's never had a proper job. [ as form of address ] Come off it, deadbeat, you're never going to get anywhere.

Answer 137

a piece of equipment that is used to cause liquid, air, or gas to move from one place ...

Answer 138

the fact of something or someone existing: Many people question the existence of God. Modern cosmology believes the universe to have come into existence about 15 billion years ago. The theatre company that they started is still in existence today.

Answer 139

the period of time in a person's life when they are developing into an adult: She had a troubled adolescence. yet another novel about the joys and sorrows of adolescence

Answer 140

the quality of not changing as the years go past, or as fashion changes: She obviously chose these tracks for their timelessness, their ability to transcend generations. The figure in the painting looked out at the world with a serene timelessness. The beauty of classical music lies in its timelessness; it can be enjoyed by people of all generations. The design of the building was inspired by the concept of timelessness, with clean lines and a minimalist aesthetic. The story's timelessness is evident in how it continues to resonate with readers decades after its initial publication. The fashion designer aimed to create a collection with a sense of timelessness, using classic silhouettes and neutral colors. The ancient architecture of the temple exudes a sense of timelessness, transporting visitors to another era.

Answer 141

a companion of a queen, king, or other ruler in their official home, especially in the past: Many of the courtiers were strongly wedded to traditional ways of doing things.

Answer 142

to praise someone, especially someone in authority, in a way that is not sincere, in order to get some advantage for yourself: He's always trying to curry favour with the boss. It was a cheap joke, made as an attempt to curry favour with his audience. She tidied away all the books in order to curry favour with the teacher. He tried to curry favour with voters by calling for tax cuts. Luxury trips have been offered to officials in order to curry favour.

Answer 143

a person or thing that is perfect or has an extremely large amount of a particular good characteristic: In the novel, Constanza is a paragon of virtue. Jane was considered a paragon of virtue by her friends and family, always doing the right thing and maintaining high ethical standards. The new electric car was a paragon of engineering, with its innovative design and cutting-edge technology. The renowned scientist was a paragon of dedication and hard work, devoting countless hours to his research and making groundbreaking discoveries. The athlete was a paragon of skill and determination, always pushing herself to excel and inspiring others with her performance. The art museum displayed a paragon of Renaissance art, a painting that perfectly captured the beauty and elegance of that era.

Answer 144

behaviour that deceives or is not loyal to someone who trusts you: From his cell on board ship, the captain wrote about the treachery of his crew.

Answer 145

the most successful or admired part of a system or achievement: By the age of 32 she had reached the pinnacle of her career. After years of hard work and dedication, winning the championship was the pinnacle of the athlete's career. The skyscraper's rooftop restaurant offered breathtaking views of the city and was considered the pinnacle of fine dining. The award-winning novel was the pinnacle of the author's writing career, earning critical acclaim and a large following. The scientist's groundbreaking research was the pinnacle of his field, leading to new discoveries and advancements. The prestigious university was considered the pinnacle of higher education, attracting top students and faculty from around the world.

Answer 146

a very strong sexual desire: I don't think it's love so much as lust. a very powerful feeling of wanting something: her lust for power It's wonderful to see the children's lust for life (= how enthusiastic they are about life).

Answer 147

(an act of) keeping the truth hidden, especially to get an advantage: The story is about theft, fraud, and deceit on an incredible scale. When the newspapers published the full story, all his earlier deceits were revealed.

Answer 148

a trick or situation that deceives you or involves you in some problem that you do not know about: The legal system is full of snares for those who are not wary. The politician found himself in a snare when a recording of him making inappropriate comments was leaked to the press. The business owner was caught in a snare when a rival company sued him for patent infringement. The hiker fell into a snare when she got lost in the woods and couldn't find her way back to the trail. The company executive realized he had fallen into a snare when he discovered that his email had been hacked and sensitive information had been stolen. The athlete was caught in a snare when a rival team accused him of using performance-enhancing drugs. to catch an animal using a snare: We used to snare small birds such as sparrows and robins.

Answer 149

strong belief in a religion that is shown in the way someone lives Synonym devotion (RELIGION) Religious Piety: Maria's deep piety was evident in the way she attended church every Sunday, volunteered for various religious activities, and never missed a prayer. Filial Piety: In many Eastern cultures, filial piety is a cherished value, where children are expected to show great respect and care for their parents throughout their lives. Civic Piety: John's civic piety was evident through his active involvement in local government, attending town hall meetings, and volunteering for community improvement projects. Artistic Piety: The artist's piety to the traditions of classical painting was evident in every stroke of his brush, as he meticulously recreated the techniques of the Old Masters. Environmental Piety: Sarah's environmental piety led her to lead a zero-waste lifestyle, recycle diligently, and engage in reforestation efforts to protect the natural world. Scientific Piety: Dr. Smith's piety toward the scientific method was unwavering; he maintained strict adherence to ethical research practices and never compromised the integrity of his experiments. Literary Piety: The author's piety for the works of Shakespeare was evident in the numerous references and allusions to his plays and sonnets throughout the novel. Educational Piety: The teacher's piety for knowledge and learning inspired her students to be curious, question everything, and pursue education as a lifelong journey.

Answer 150

a carefully planned way of achieving or dealing with something, often involving a trick: Her stratagem for dealing with her husband's infidelities was to ignore them. He was a master of stratagem.

Answer 151

a serious mistake, usually caused by not taking care or thinking: He said that the tax was a major political blunder. I made a blunder by getting his name wrong. The CEO's decision to invest in the failing company was a blunder that cost the company millions of dollars. The actor's offensive remarks during the interview were a blunder that resulted in public backlash and loss of fans. The pilot's blunder caused the plane to crash, resulting in several casualties and injuries. The employee's blunder of accidentally deleting important files from the computer system led to a delay in the project deadline. The diplomat's blunder of making a cultural faux pas during the meeting resulted in strained relations between the two countries.

Answer 152

the process of making a liquid stronger or purer by heating it until it changes to a gas and then cooling it so that it changes back into a liquid, or a liquid made by this process: Usually the liquid is extracted by distillation. The oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that can be separated into various distillations. formal something that gives only the main meaning or the most important parts of something, or the action of reducing something to its main meaning or most important parts: The report is a distillation of hundreds of past studies on the subject. His distillation of Buddhism into six words is: "Change is part of the world."

Answer 153

an intentional act, especially a very bad or very good one: It seems to me that a lot of evil deeds are done in the name of religion. She's always helping people and doing good deeds.

Answer 154

a remark that is both clever and humorous As the comedian delivered his witty punchline, the audience erupted in laughter." "Her witticism about the rainy weather brightened up our gloomy day." "John is known for his quick wit and clever witticisms, which always keep his friends entertained." "She replied to his insult with a witty retort, leaving him speechless." "The writer's use of witticism throughout the novel added a humorous touch to the otherwise serious plot."

Answer 155

To take or seize something quickly and forcefully: "The thief snatched the purse from the woman's hands and ran away." To grab or capture something: "The football player managed to snatch the ball from the opposing team and score a touchdown." To take or obtain something with difficulty or effort: "I was able to snatch a few hours of sleep before my flight." A brief period of time: "I only had a snatch of the conversation, but it sounded like they were planning a surprise party." A vulgar slang term for a woman's genitals: "He made a crude comment about her snatch, which made her feel uncomfortable."

Answer 156

calm behaviour that suggests you are not interested or do not care: He leaned back in his chair with apparent nonchalance. I may feign nonchalance on the phone to my mum, but actually I am terrified. Despite the fact that he had just won the lottery, he responded with nonchalance, as if the money meant nothing to him. The reckless driver exhibited nonchalance as he sped past the police car, unconcerned with the consequences of his actions. She showed her nonchalance when she received the news of her friend's engagement, barely acknowledging the announcement and quickly changing the subject. The student displayed nonchalance when his professor confronted him about missing assignments, shrugging his shoulders and saying he didn't care about his grades. The actor maintained a cool nonchalance on the red carpet, as if he had done this a million times before and it was no big deal.

Answer 157

a boy or young man: A group of young lads were standing outside the shop. He's a nice lad. The prime minister's a local lad (= he was born and lived in this area). lads and lasses (= boys and girls) [ as form of address ] Come on, lads, let's get this job finished!

Answer 158

something or someone used to trick or confuse people, especially something or someone that is not what they appear to be: Air Force One flew ahead as a decoy, with the President in another plane behind. These attacks could be a decoy, a manoeuvre to throw everyone off guard. The hunter placed a decoy duck in the water to attract other ducks for him to shoot." "The undercover agent used a decoy car to lure the criminals into a trap." "The football team used a decoy play to confuse the opposing team's defense and score a touchdown." "The spy sent a decoy message to throw off the enemy's intelligence agencies." "The police used a decoy purse to catch the pickpocket who had been stealing from unsuspecting shoppers."

Answer 159

a person who is blamed for something that someone else has done: The captain was made a scapegoat for the team's failure. The CEO blamed the company's financial losses on the marketing team, making them the scapegoat for his mistakes." "The coach made the goalkeeper the scapegoat for the team's loss, even though everyone had played poorly." "The government used the minority community as a scapegoat for the country's problems, leading to increased discrimination and violence." "The teacher made the troublemaker the scapegoat for the class's misbehavior, even though others were also involved." "The politician used the media as a scapegoat for the public's dissatisfaction with his policies, refusing to take responsibility for his actions."

Answer 160

an enemy: The two countries have united against their common foe. They were bitter foes for many years. Foes of the government will be delighting in its current difficulties. Batman's arch-nemesis, the Joker, is his most persistent and dangerous foe. The two nations have been at war for years, and now they regard each other as bitter foes. The boxer had defeated all of his opponents except for his one remaining foe, who he would face in the championship bout. The spy knew that he had to be constantly vigilant, as he never knew when his foe might be watching him. The company's new product was a game-changer, as it helped people overcome a foe that had plagued them for years.

Answer 161

a feeling that prevents you from doing something that you think is morally wrong or makes you uncertain about doing it: Robin Hood had no scruples about robbing the rich to give to the poor. He is a man without scruple - he has no conscience.

Answer 162

something good that happens unexpectedly, especially at a time when it is needed: The grant was a real godsend, especially considering the theatre was going to be shut down next month.

Answer 163

a feeling of hate and continuing anger about something in the past: They cheated me, but I feel no rancor toward/against them. The rancor was a fearsome creature that resided in Jabba the Hutt's palace in the Star Wars universe. The farmer had to deal with the rancor of the weather, as a severe thunderstorm damaged his crops. The political candidate faced the rancor of the opposing party during the election campaign, with negative ads and personal attacks. The customer's rancor towards the poor customer service she received was evident in her scathing online review. The journalist's article sparked rancor among the public, with many people voicing their opposing views on social media.

Answer 164

a feeling of anger because you have been forced to accept something that you do not like: He harbours a deep resentment against his parents for his miserable childhood. This decision has caused resentment among some teachers.

Answer 165

unexpected events or changes that cannot be controlled and can influence a situation: The success of the event will be determined by the vagaries of the weather. She had her own style and was not influenced by the vagaries of fashion. The stock market is subject to the vagaries of the economy and can fluctuate wildly based on economic indicators. The artist's creative process was guided by the vagaries of his imagination, leading him to produce works that were unpredictable and innovative. The weather in this region is known for its vagaries, with sudden storms and changes in temperature occurring frequently. The teacher had to adapt to the vagaries of his students' learning styles, tailoring his lessons to meet the needs of each individual. The political landscape is shaped by the vagaries of public opinion, with shifts in popular sentiment influencing election outcomes.

Answer 166

behaviour that shows you think you are more important or more intelligent than other people: He looked at me with condescension and pity in his eyes. She answered him with such haughty condescension that his face went white. The boss's tone was full of condescension when she spoke to the junior staff, making them feel belittled and undervalued. The politician's condescension towards his opponents during the debate turned off many viewers and damaged his public image. The wealthy socialite's condescension towards the less fortunate was evident in her dismissive attitude and lack of empathy. The professor's condescension towards his students made it difficult for them to ask questions and seek clarification. The doctor's condescension towards the patient's complaints led to a misdiagnosis and delayed treatment, causing further health complications.

Answer 167

the punishing of someone for harming you or your friends or family, or the wish for such punishment to happen: On the day after the terrorist attack, the overall mood in the town was one of vengeance. As he cradled his daughter's lifeless body in his arms, he swore (to take) vengeance on her killers.

Answer 168

a small, sharp, broken piece of wood, glass, plastic, or similar material: The girl had a splinter (of wood) in her toe. The wooden chair had begun to splinter due to age and wear, making it unsafe to sit on. The political party began to splinter as different factions within the organization pursued competing agendas. The athlete's leg had splintered during the game, forcing him to retire from the match and undergo surgery. The rock climber had to be careful not to splinter the fragile rock face, as it could cause a dangerous rock slide. The family had splintered after a bitter argument, with members refusing to speak to each other and communication breaking down.

Answer 169

a feeling of hate: She denied any personal enmity towards him. Bitter historical enmities underlie the present violence.

Answer 170

a house or place to live in: There is an estimated shortfall of some five million dwellings across the country.

Answer 171

a large amount of money or valuable possessions: She donated a sizeable portion of her riches to children's charities. The wealthy entrepreneur had amassed great riches through his successful business ventures. The archaeological expedition uncovered a hidden tomb filled with ancient riches, including gold and precious gems. The philanthropist donated his vast riches to various charities and non-profit organizations, helping to improve the lives of many people. The pirate was motivated by the promise of riches, plundering ships and hoarding treasure to amass his wealth. The writer was not interested in the riches that fame and success could bring, preferring to focus on the artistic process and creative expression.

Answer 172

loyalty and support for a ruler, country, group, or belief: Soldiers have to swear allegiance to the Crown/the King. In many American schools, the students pledge allegiance (to the flag) at the beginning of the school day. As an Englishman who'd lived for a long time in France, he felt a certain conflict of allegiances when the two countries played soccer.

Answer 173

the quality of being rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone who is older or in a more important position: With a hint of impudence she told him not to talk. The memoir describes his life with honesty and impudence.

Answer 174

the quality of being more important or better than others: His pre-eminence in his subject is internationally recognized. The company hopes to reestablish its pre-eminence with an international clientele. Despite the challenges, the company managed to maintain its pre-eminence in the industry by continually innovating and improving its products. The artist's pre-eminence in the art world was undeniable, with collectors and critics alike clamoring for her latest works. The university has long held a position of pre-eminence in the field of medicine, with many of its graduates going on to make groundbreaking discoveries. The athlete's pre-eminence in his sport was achieved through years of hard work and dedication, as well as natural talent. The city's pre-eminence as a cultural hub is due in large part to its thriving arts scene, which draws visitors from around the world.

Answer 175

violent or angry disagreement: What are the prospects for overcoming the strife between the Christian minority and Muslim majority? 20 years of civil strife have left the country's economy in ruins.

Answer 176

As a verb: To move quickly or suddenly: She dashed out of the room when she heard the phone ring. To strike or break forcefully: The waves dashed against the rocks. To ruin or destroy: His hopes of winning the race were dashed when he fell. As a noun: A short, horizontal line used to separate parts of a sentence or indicate a pause: She wrote her name with a dash in between. A sudden movement or rush: She made a dash for the door. A small amount: Add a dash of salt to the recipe. As an adjective: Quick or sudden: She made a dash decision to quit her job. Fashionably stylish: She wore a dash outfit to the party. Some additional examples of the word "dash" in context: He made a dash to catch the bus before it drove away. The chef added a dash of cayenne pepper to the soup for extra spice. The athlete dashed across the finish line to win the race. She wrote her phone number with a dash between the area code and the rest of the number. The news of the company's bankruptcy dashed the employees' hopes for a pay raise.

Answer 177

As a noun: A deep, typically cylindrical hole in the ground: The miners dug a pit to extract coal from the earth. A hollow or depression in a surface: The bike tire got stuck in a pit in the road. A seed in a fruit: The cherry pit can be planted to grow a new cherry tree. An area reserved for a particular group of people in a theater or auditorium: The VIPs had seats in the front pit at the concert. As a verb: To remove the pit from a fruit: She carefully pitted the avocado before making guacamole. To mark with small depressions: The hailstones pitted the car's windshield. To engage in a battle or competition: The two teams pitted their skills against each other in the championship game. As an adjective: Of or relating to a pit: The pit crew worked on the race car during the pit stop. Some additional examples of the word "pit" in context: The dog fell into a deep pit in the woods and had to be rescued. He pitted his wits against the challenging crossword puzzle. She enjoyed watching the pit orchestra during the musical performance. The sour cherry pie needed to be made with pitted cherries to avoid breaking a tooth. The biker was thrown from his motorcycle after hitting a pit in the road.

Answer 178

a feeling of calm satisfaction with your own abilities or situation that prevents you from trying harder: What annoys me about these girls is their complacency - they seem to have no desire to expand their horizons. There's no room for complacency if we want to stay in this competition!

Answer 179

a plume of dust, smoke, etc. a tall, thin mass of smoke, dust, or similar substance that rises up into the air: After the explosion, a plume of smoke could be seen in the sky for miles around.

Answer 180

A calculation or estimation of something: Example: The company's annual reckoning of profits and losses showed a substantial increase in revenue. Example: The scientists' reckoning of the carbon emissions from the factory indicated a significant impact on the environment. An evaluation or judgment of something: Example: The film critic's reckoning of the latest blockbuster was scathing. Example: The teacher's reckoning of the students' essays was fair and insightful. A settling of accounts, often in a final or decisive manner: Example: The gangster's reckoning with his rival ended in a violent shootout. Example: The reckoning between the two political parties was expected to take place at the upcoming election. A time of reflection, review, or moral assessment: Example: The pandemic has prompted a global reckoning with the inequalities and injustices in our societies. Example: The protagonist's reckoning with his past mistakes was the central theme of the novel

Answer 181

A fight, battle, or skirmish: Example: The soldiers engaged in a fierce fray against the enemy forces. Example: The protesters and the police were involved in a violent fray that resulted in several injuries. A situation of conflict, tension, or disorder: Example: The political campaign was marked by a contentious fray between the candidates. Example: The family reunion turned into a noisy fray with multiple arguments and complaints. The act of becoming worn or tattered, often in the case of fabric: Example: The shirt had been through many washes and was starting to show signs of fray around the collar. Example: The carpet on the stairs had several areas of fray due to constant foot traffic. The act of separating or untangling threads or fibers: Example: She carefully worked on the fray of the fabric to prevent it from unraveling further. Example: The tailor trimmed the fray on the hem of the dress to give it a neat finish.

Answer 182

A pointed wooden or metal stick used to support plants or fences: Example: The farmer placed stakes around the perimeter of the field to mark the area and prevent animals from entering. Example: The gardener inserted stakes into the soil to keep the tomato plants upright and prevent them from bending or breaking. Something that is risked or wagered, usually with the hope of gaining something in return: Example: The gambler put all his savings at stake in the poker game, hoping to win big. Example: The entrepreneur invested a lot of time and money in the new project, knowing that the success of her business was at stake. A share or interest in something, usually with the implication of ownership or involvement: Example: The investors each had a stake in the company and expected to receive a portion of the profits. Example: The shareholders held a stake in the decision-making process and were able to vote on important matters. A punishment or consequence, often involving death or injury, that is imposed on someone for a crime or offense: Example: In medieval times, thieves were often punished by being tied to a stake and burned alive. Example: The pirates threatened to make the hostages walk the plank, a punishment that involved being forced off a ship and into the water.

Answer 183

a small amount or short experience of something that is intended either to make you understand what it is like or to make you want more of it

Answer 184

(a) failure to do what you should do: What you did was a grave dereliction of duty. The abandoned building was a clear case of dereliction, with broken windows, peeling paint, and overgrown weeds surrounding it. The manager was accused of dereliction of duty after failing to report a safety violation that led to an accident in the workplace. The town council was criticized for its dereliction in maintaining the local park, which had fallen into disrepair and become a haven for drug dealers. The employee was fired for dereliction of trust, having violated the company's code of conduct by sharing confidential information with a competitor. The soldier was charged with dereliction of duty for falling asleep on guard duty, endangering the security of the military base.

Answer 185

A storyline or sequence of events that make up a narrative: Example: The plot of the movie revolves around a group of astronauts who are stranded on a hostile planet and must find a way to survive. Example: The novel has a complex plot with multiple subplots that intertwine and converge at the climax. A diagram or map that shows the arrangement or layout of something: Example: The architect drew a plot of the building, indicating the location of each room, staircase, and elevator. Example: The gardener made a plot of the vegetable garden, outlining the placement of each crop and its growth cycle. A secret plan or scheme, often involving deceit or treachery: Example: The spy uncovered a plot by the enemy to infiltrate the government and seize control of the country. Example: The criminal mastermind hatched a plot to steal a priceless artifact from the museum, relying on a team of skilled thieves to execute it. A marked area of land, typically used for a specific purpose: Example: The farmer plowed a plot of land to plant crops such as wheat, corn, and soybeans. Example: The developer bought a plot of land to build a housing complex, comprising several apartment buildings.

Answer 186

To count or record the number of something: Example: The teacher asked the students to tally the number of times they had read a book in the past month. Example: The election officials had to tally the votes by hand since the electronic voting machines had malfunctioned. A record or list of items, especially one that shows a total or summary: Example: The accountant presented a tally of the company's expenses for the quarter, which showed a significant increase in overhead costs. Example: The sports commentator gave a tally of the team's scores throughout the game, highlighting the moments when they fell behind or caught up. A matchstick or other mark used to keep score or keep track of something: Example: The referee used a tally to keep track of the number of fouls committed by each team during the soccer match. Example: The lumberjack made a tally on the tree trunk to mark the number of logs he had cut down that day. To match or correspond with something else: Example: The witness's testimony did not tally with the defendant's alibi, raising doubts about the latter's innocence. Example: The data from the study did not tally with the previous findings, suggesting that further research was needed to confirm the results.

Answer 187

To guide or escort someone to a place or event: Example: The usher showed the audience members to their seats before the play began. Example: The receptionist ushered the visitors to the conference room where the meeting was taking place. A person who helps or assists in a formal event or ceremony, such as a wedding or graduation: Example: The ushers wore matching suits and ties, and handed out programs and flowers to the guests as they arrived. Example: The church hired several ushers to collect the offerings and direct the worshippers during the service. To introduce or bring about something new or different: Example: The new product line is expected to usher in a new era of innovation and growth for the company. Example: The CEO's vision is to usher the company into the digital age, leveraging technology to improve customer experience and streamline operations.

Answer 188

To set aside or nullify something, especially a rule or regulation: Example: The governor used his executive power to override the legislative veto and pass the controversial bill into law. Example: The safety mechanism failed to override the manual control, resulting in a dangerous situation for the workers. To take control or dominate a situation or person: Example: The leader's charisma and force of personality allowed him to override the objections of his opponents and rally his supporters. Example: The fear of terrorism has led many governments to override civil liberties and privacy concerns in the name of security. To replace or substitute something with a new or different option: Example: The software engineer had to override the default settings and manually configure the program to meet the client's specifications. Example: The flight attendant had to manually override the automatic landing system and perform an emergency landing due to a mechanical failure. To activate a safety feature or warning signal to prevent an accident or danger: Example: The car's collision detection system can automatically override the driver's control and apply the brakes if it detects an imminent collision. Example: The nuclear power plant has a fail-safe mechanism that can override the operator's commands and shut down the reactor in case of a malfunction.

Answer 189

Ridge as a noun: a. A long, narrow elevation of land or rock, with a crest that forms a continuous or irregular line along the top. Example: The Appalachian Mountains are a ridge system that runs through the eastern United States. b. A raised strip or elongated fold in a fabric, especially on a bedspread or quilt. Example: The bedspread had a ridge pattern that added texture and depth to the room. Ridge as a verb: a. To form into a ridge or ridges. Example: The farmer ridged the soil to plant the potatoes. b. To raise or lift (something) up into a ridge or ridges. Example: She ridged her eyebrows with a pencil for a more defined look. Ridge as a statistical method: Ridge regression is a type of linear regression that uses L2 regularization to prevent overfitting in the model. It adds a penalty term to the sum of squared errors to shrink the coefficients towards zero, which can improve the stability and accuracy of the model. Ridge regression is commonly used in machine learning, especially when there are many predictors in the dataset and multicollinearity is present. Example: The data scientist applied ridge regression to a dataset with 100 variables to predict the sales of a new product.

Answer 190

a type of worm that lives in wet places and fastens itself onto the bodies of humans and animals to feed on their blood

Answer 191

a game or competition in which you answer questions: a history/sport, etc. quiz There are so many inane television quiz shows. A lot of pubs have quiz nights once or twice a week. a short, informal test: There was a pop (= surprise) quiz in history at school today. to ask someone questions about something: She spent an hour being quizzed by journalists.

Answer 192

a person who is falsely blamed for something that has gone wrong, or for a crime that they have not committed: The governor was looking for a fall guy to take the blame for the corruption scandal.

Answer 193

the act of taking advantage of a situation in order to make a profit, usually by charging high prices for things people need: The pharmaceutical company has been charged with profiteering from the AIDS crisis. We will not tolerate profiteering on food aid that is supposed to be free.

Answer 194

a great change, especially causing or involving much difficulty, activity, or trouble: Yesterday's coup brought further upheaval to a country already struggling with famine. I'm not sure it's worth the upheaval of moving to gain just a little more space. The pandemic caused an upheaval in our daily routines and work schedules. The unexpected resignation of the CEO caused an upheaval in the company's leadership structure. The earthquake created an upheaval in the landscape, causing buildings to collapse and roads to split open. The political upheaval in the country led to widespread protests and calls for reform. The sudden loss of funding caused an upheaval in the organization, forcing them to lay off employees and restructure their operations. The discovery of fraud in the company's finances caused an upheaval in the stock market, leading to a sharp drop in share prices. The arrival of new management caused an upheaval in the company culture, with many employees feeling uncertain about their future at the company.

Answer 195

someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court

Answer 196

The word "bristle" can be used as both a verb and a noun. As a verb, it means to stiffen and become rigid, typically in response to a situation. As a noun, it refers to a stiff, prickly hair or fiber, often found on animals or brushes. Here are some examples of "bristle" used as a verb: The dog's fur bristled as it heard a strange noise outside. The manager bristled at the suggestion that he wasn't doing his job properly. The politician bristled when asked about his voting record on environmental issues. Here are some examples of "bristle" used as a noun: The boar had bristles on its back that stood up when it was angry. The artist used a brush with stiff bristles to create a textured effect. The cleaning brush had long, tough bristles that were perfect for scrubbing grime from the tiles.

Answer 197

A painted cloth or set piece that forms the background of a theater or film scene: In this context, a backdrop is a large piece of material or set decoration that is used to create a specific visual setting for a performance or scene. For example, a backdrop might be used to create the illusion of a forest or a city skyline. The background against which something is viewed: In this sense, a backdrop refers to the context or circumstances that surround a particular event or situation. For example, you might describe a person's upbringing or cultural heritage as the backdrop against which they make certain decisions. A screen or wall used to hide unsightly objects or to create a plain background for photography or video: In this context, a backdrop might be used in a photo studio or for a video shoot to create a neutral, uncluttered background against which the subject can be filmed or photographed. A secondary or supporting feature that provides context or contrast: In some contexts, a backdrop can refer to a secondary element that provides additional information or contrast to a primary feature. For example, in a news story, a reporter might provide a backdrop of historical or social context to help viewers understand the significance of a current event.

Answer 198

something that is produced as a result of making something else, or something unexpected that happens as a result of something else: The deep depression he fell into was a byproduct of his disease. The company's main product is paper, but the production process also generates sawdust as a byproduct. Biogas is a byproduct of the anaerobic digestion of organic matter, which can be used as a renewable energy source. In the chemical reaction, carbon dioxide is released as a byproduct. The production of cheese results in whey as a byproduct, which can be used to make protein powder. The byproduct of the mining process is a significant amount of waste rock, which must be disposed of properly. The meatpacking industry generates a lot of waste, such as bones and fat, which can be used as a byproduct to make pet food.

Answer 199

an increase in the number or amount of something: Many hospitals noticed a big uptick in cases when kids went back to their classrooms. Movies sometimes see an uptick in revenue after an Oscars win. In some months, there's a slight uptick, and in some months there's a decrease. an improvement in a situation: An uptick in once-struggling areas could make a significant difference to voters' perceptions of the economy.

Answer 200

the distance from one side to another: The length of this box is twice its breadth. the fact of including many different things, features, subjects, or qualities: The breadth of her knowledge is amazing. He showed an astonishing breadth of learning for one so young. The breadth of the artist's talent was evident in the range of mediums they used, from painting to sculpture to photography. The breadth of knowledge required for the job was daunting, as it involved understanding multiple fields and industries. The curriculum at the university was designed to provide students with a breadth of education, with courses in a variety of subjects. The scope of the project was beyond the team's breadth of expertise, requiring them to consult with outside experts. The book's breadth of research was impressive, covering multiple historical periods and cultures.

Answer 201

A bumper is a horizontal bar or beam that runs along the front or rear of a vehicle to absorb the impact of a collision. Bumpers are typically made of a combination of plastic, steel, aluminum, or other materials. Example: The driver rear-ended the car in front of him, causing damage to both vehicles' bumpers. A bumper can also refer to a promotional item that is typically given away for free, such as a sticker or magnet, to promote a product or brand. Example: The local brewery was giving out free bumper stickers with their logo on them at the community festival. Bumper can also be used to describe something that is abundant or excessively plentiful. Example: After a successful harvest, the farmers had a bumper crop of corn that year. Bumper can also refer to a type of pool table cushion that is designed to provide extra bounce to the balls. Example: The experienced pool player chose a table with bumper cushions that were known for their consistent bounce.

Answer 202

(in a hospital) the process of deciding how seriously ill or injured a person is, so that the most serious cases can be treated first

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