Others

Question 1

Slip sign + means?

Answer 1

Lipoma suspected. Slips away from examining finger on gentle pressure

Question 2

Warning signs for soft tissue tumour?

Answer 2

Pain
>5cm
Growing in size
Deep to fascia
Recurrence after excision

Question 3

Continued vomiting causes metabolic ____?

Answer 3

Metabolic alkalosis with loss of H+, K+, Cl- from vomiting

Question 4

Diarrhoea causes _____ anion gap metabolic ______. Why?

Answer 4

Diarrhoea loses bicarb, compensated by rise in Chloride.
NORMAL ANION GAP METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Question 5

Risk Factors of keloid scarring?

Answer 5

Below 30yo
Darker skin
Trauma

Question 6

What is Morrison’s pouch?

Answer 6

Intraperitoneal space between supramesocolic compartment between right liver lobe and right kidney

Question 7

Beck’s triad?

Answer 7

Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins. It indicates CT trauma

Question 8

How to differentiate between Boerhaave and Mallory Weiss?

Answer 8

Surgical emphysema means got Boerhaave

Question 9

What is Cushing’s reflex?

Answer 9

Triad of wider pulse pressure, bradycardia, irregular RR.
Physiological response to acute rise in ICP.

Question 10

Indication of carbonaceous sputum?

Answer 10

Smoke inhalation injury.

Question 11

3 mechanisms of smoke inhalation injury?

Answer 11

Thermal injury
Asphyxiation
Pulmonary irritation

Question 12

Primary cause of tetany?

Answer 12

Hypocalcemia

Question 13

What does “peculiar/sweet smell” in breath of diabetics mean?

Answer 13

Diabetic ketoacidosis! Ketones have sweet smell.

Question 14

Iron deficiency causes what kind of anemia?

Answer 14

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

Question 15

Transfusion trigger Hb level?

Answer 15

7g/dL.

Question 16

Complications of TPN?

Answer 16

Biliary stasis, metabolic disorders, NASH, infections

Question 17

Melanomas metastasize to which LNs?

Answer 17

superficial inguinal nodes in groin area

Question 18

What is neurogenic shock?

Answer 18

Shock due to severe damage to CNS, causing loss of sympathetic tone

Question 19

Symptoms of neurogenic shock?

Answer 19

Hypotension, warm skin, bradycardia, priapism, respiratory arrest

Question 20

What is Perthes’ Disease?

Answer 20

Blood to head of femur is disrupted. Can cause avascular necrosis.

Question 21

What op is Gridiron for?

Answer 21

Open appendectomy

Question 22

Pulmonary embolism can cause fever and tachycardia?

Answer 22

Yes, low grade fever - lower than sepsis.

Question 23

Where is lipoma located?

Answer 23

between your skin and the underlying muscle layer

Question 24

Characteristics of lipoma?

Answer 24

Mobile, non-tender. Common in middle age

Question 25

What is hidradenitis suppurativa?

Answer 25

condition that causes small, painful lumps to form under the skin. Commonly at intertriginous areas

Question 26

Max dose of lignocaine based on body weight?

Answer 26

Without adrenaline - 3mg/kg
With adrenaline - 7mg/kg
0.5% lignocaine has 5mg/ml

Question 27

RF for melanoma?

Answer 27

Family Hx
Immunosuppression
Sun exposure
>50 benign melanocytic naevi

Question 28

Difference btw thoracostomy and thoracotomy?

Answer 28

Thoracostomy is a small incision of the chest wall with maintenance of opening for drainage.
Thoracotomy is larger incision on chest wall to access thoracic organs

Question 29

Lump that is within/deep to a muscle becomes _____ when muscle is contracted

Answer 29

Become less prominent with muscle contraction

Question 30

Urine output target?

Answer 30

> 0.5ml/kg/hr

Question 31

Manifestations of surgical infection arises about 4 days post-op.

Answer 31

YES!

Question 32

Common causes of post-op fever?

Answer 32

WIND - pneumonia, atelectasis, aspiration, PE
WATER - UTI
WALKING - DVT, PE
WOUND - surgical wound infection
WONDER DRUGS - Drugs, indwelling lines etc

Question 33

Fluid Resuscitation volume?

Answer 33

Paeds 15-20ml/kg
Adults 30ml/kg