Otit Media Flashcards

(12 cards)

1
Q

With which symptoms does someone come with acute otitis media?

A

fever
otalgia
hearing loss at affected ear
otorrea in ruptured TM

infant: crying, vomiting, anorexia, touching the affected ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are predisposing factors of otitis media?

A

Bakteriyel enfeksiyon. Çoğu ÜSYE yi takiben oluşur.

Predispozan faktörler: < 5 yaş, süpin pozisyonda emzirme, alerjik rinit, kronik sinüzit, tonsil ve adenoidlerin genişlemesi, timpanik membran rüptürü, yarık damak, immün yetmezlik, pasif içicilik, besin alerjileri
<5 yaş → H. İnfluenza
>5 yaş → S. Pneumonia, H.influenza, M.catarrhalis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the 4 developmental stages of acute otitis media

A

Hyperemia: This initial stage involves increased blood flow to the middle ear in response to infection or irritation, causing redness and swelling.

Exudation: In this stage, there is an accumulation of fluid and pus within the middle ear, leading to further inflammation and pressure.

Suppuration: Suppuration occurs when the infection becomes more severe, resulting in the discharge of pus from the ear due to the breakdown of tissues and accumulation of infectious material

Resolution: Resolution is the final stage where the body’s immune response clears the infection, and the inflammation and fluid gradually subside, allowing the ear to return to its normal state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the tx of otitis media

A

Tx: miringotomi ile orta kulağı rahatlatırız (çok ağrısı olanlarda ya da çocuklarda yapabiliyoruz. Herkese yapmayız!). Ab başlarız → 7- 10 GÜN. Amoksisillin/klavulonat (AUGMENTİN), TMP-SMX, ampisillin/sulbaktam… yanında destekleyici ilaçlar (dekonjestan, analjezik, mukolitik, nazal sprey) verebiliriz.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

patient comes with blisters on tympanic membrane; which symptoms does the patient have, how do you treat

A

bullous myringitis
viral OM
mostly young children
very painful
no fever or hearing loss
middle ear not affected
multiple blebs present
lasts 2-3 days, supportive tx for pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

patient comes with large kidney shaped perforation in pars tensa what do you think?

A

Acute Necrotic OM
Infants and young children who already have scarlet fever, measles, pneumonia or influenza.
Necrosis of TM and middle ear.
B hemolytic strep. Large kidney-shaped perforations may be seen in the pars tensa. We give Ab for strep. It is rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

findings of serous otitis media

A

TM intakt, steril efüzyonun kronik olarak birikimiyle. İşitme kaybı, hafif otalji, kulak dolgunluğu, tinnitus oluşturur. Özellikle çocuklarda sık.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how can you diagnose serous otitis media + tx

A

Otoskopla sıvı seviyesi, hava kabarcıkları, ışık reflesinin kaybolması, kulak zarını sarı-gri renkte görebiliriz. Kesinleştirmek için timpanometri yapılabilir. Tip B ( orta kulak efüzyonla dolu demektir). İlaç tx si yapılır. Nazal dekonjestan verilir. Amaç östakiden drenajı sağlamak. İliadin burun spreyi, sudafed gibi ilaçlarla nazofarinksteki ödemi çözmeye çalışırız. İlaçla tx olmadıysa miringotomi, ventilasyon tüpü tedavisi yapılır. Östakiden alamadığı havayı almasını sağlarız. 1 sene sonra tüp çıkarılır.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does the patient come who has chronic om

A

Artık kronikleşmiş değişiklikler vardır. Ear discharge, Tm ın kalıcı perforasyonu ile karakterize. İşitme kaybı.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which agents cause chronic om?

A

Aerobik: P. Aeruginosa, proteus, E.coli, S. Aureus

Anaerob: Bacteroides fragilis, anaerob strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is chronic OM tx?

A

AB or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

OM complications

A

Temporal: fasyal sinir paralizi (orta kulakta püy toplanması sonucu ileti blokajı), kemikçik lezyonları, TM perforasyonu, mastoiditis, labirentit, sensorinöral işitme kaybı

Ekstratemporal: ekstradural/subdural/beyin absesi, menenjit, lateral sinüs tromboflebiti, otitik hidrosefali, bezold absesi, zigomatik abse, postauriküler abse.

Temporal
Middle ear:
facial nerve paralysis
ossicular lesions
perforation of TM

Mastoid:
petrositis
reduced pneumatization
coalescent mastoiditis

Inner ear:
labyrintitis
SNHL

  • Extra temporal
    Intracranial
    Extradural abscess
    Subdural abscess
    Brain abscess
    Meningitis
    Lateral sinüs thrombophlebitis
    Otitic hydrocephalus

Extracranial
Bezold abscess
Zygomatic abscess
Postauricular abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly