Otology

Question 1

benign paroxysmal postional vertigo cause

Answer 1

otolinths from uticle and saccule become dislodged and end up in one of the semicircular canals (posterior canal).

Question 2

symptoms of benign paroxysmal postitional vertigo. duration of symptoms

Answer 2

vertigo, esp. when looking up. or rolling over in bed. episodes last less than one minute and increase with age.

Question 3

risk factors for benign paroxysmal postional vertigo

Answer 3

head trauma, migraine, vestibular neuronits,

Question 4

treatment for benign paroxysmal postional vetigo

Answer 4

eply maneuver: do Dix Hallpick (turn head 45 degrees and tilt patient back; look for nystagmus). then, rotate head to the other side and wait 15-20 s. roll patient to face down. return pt to upright.

Question 5

superior semicircular canal dehiscence sydnrome presentation

Answer 5

progressively worsening symptoms
freq. feeling off balance
vertigo/vision instability with loud noises
decreased hearing on one side
able to hear own eye movements/heart beat

Question 6

findigs of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome

Answer 6

audiogram with decreased hearing
CT scan with an extra wino
autophoy
conductive hearing loss
conductive hyperacusis

Question 7

cuase of usperior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome

Answer 7

normally, only 2 parts of the inner ear are responsive to sound pressure: oval window and round window. here, bone deficit leads to a 3rd mobile windo thatmoves the fluid in the semiciruclar canal around in response to sound. causes vertigo and visual instability and increased bone conductance.

Question 8

diagnostic features of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome

Answer 8

CT, eye movemnents in response to loud sounds

Question 9

otosclerosis: clinical presentation

Answer 9

progressive hearing loss without pain ,dizziness, drainage, discharge, infection, or nystagmus.

Question 10

otosclerosis: audiogram findings

Answer 10

audiogram shows conductive hearing loss and loss of stapedius reflex.

Question 11

cuase of otosclerosis

Answer 11

abnormal growth of bone in middle ear that prevents the structures of the ear from working well. leads to hearing loss (if stapes can’t move, it can’t trnasmit sounds)
has become rarer in past 20 yrs

Question 12

cholesteatoma exam findings

Answer 12

few normal structures. increased squamous epithelium and granulation tissue. may be related to tobacco use.

Question 13

histopathology of cholesteatoma

Answer 13

granulation tissue and squamous epithelium. no biopsy usually taken

Question 14

causes of cholesteatoma

Answer 14

tobacco use. also repeated infections that cuase an ingrowth of the sking of the eardrum. may take a cystic form. with eustachian tube dysfunction, the body creates a vaccum in the ear, which syucks in the pars flaccida of the TM. may retract as far as the scutum of the malleus. creats a pouch which can become a cholesteatoma

Question 15

complications of cholesteatoma

Answer 15

infection, hearing loss (conductive and sensorineural), labrinthine fistula, facial paralysis, CSF leak, meningitis, dizziness

Question 16

treatment for cholesteatoma

Answer 16

surger, clear infection, maybe (or maybe not) reconstruct structures.