Outbreak Flashcards
Where may infections be acquired/spread?
Hospitals Care homes GP surgery Home Travel
What is a healthcare associated infection?
It is an infection you might catch when getting healthcare in hospitals, care homes, doctors’ surgeries, health centres or receiving care at home
What are the most common kind of infections in hospitals?
Urinary tract infections Post-surgery infections Skin infections Sickness Diarrhoea
Are all infections transmissable?
Yes
What is the most common HAI?
UTI
How are respiratory tract infections usually caused?
Intubation
How are most bloodstream infections caused?
Related to a Central Venous Catheter (CVC)
What is an outbreak of infection?
2 or more cases of an infection linked in time and place
What is the purpose of surveillance?
Detect and identify a possible outbreak at the earliest opportunity
Describe the chain of infection.
Infectious agent Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host
What are the 4 kinds of infectious agents?
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Prion
What are some examples of a reservoir?
Humans Equipment Environment Food Animals
What are some possible portals of exit?
Blood and body fluids
Skin scales/wounds
Coughing and sneezing
Give some examples of a mode of transmission.
Direct or Indirect
Inhalation
Ingestion of contaminated food
What are some portals of entry?
Skin/surgical wounds Eyes or mouth Respiratory tract Intestinal tract Tubes
What are some factors which may make a host susceptible?
Underdeveloped immune system Decreasing immune system Drugs Disease Tubes
What are the 5 moments for hand hygiene?
Before touching a patient Before aseptic procedures After exposure to body fluids After touching a patient After touching a patient's surroundings
What are some transmission base precautions (TBPs)?
Contact Gloves Apron Masks Eye protection
How can we break the chain of infection at the mode of transmission?
Hand hygiene PPE Food safety Cleaning, disinfection, sterilisation Isolation
How can we break the chain of infection at the reservoir?
Cleaning, disinfection, sterilisation
Infection prevention policies
Pest control
How can we break the chain of infection at the portal of entry?
Hand hygiene PPE Personal hygiene First aid Removal of catheters and tubes
How can we break the chain of infection at the susceptible host?
Immunisation
Treatment of underlying disease
Health insurance
Patient education
How can we break the chain of infection at the portal of exit?
Hand hygiene PPE Control of aerosols and splatter Respiratory etiquette Waste disposal
How can we break the chain of infection at the infectious agent?
Diagnosis and treatment
Antimicrobial stewardship
