Ovarian Endometrial Cycle

Question 1

when does follicular phase happen?

Answer 1

days 1-14

Question 2

what happens in the follicular phase?

Answer 2

rising estrogen levels
endometrial thickening
selection of dominant “ovulatory” follicle

Question 3

when does luteal phase occur?

Answer 3

days 14-21

Question 4

what rescues the corpus luteum for continuous secretion of progesterone?

Answer 4

placenta; developing blastocyst which produces hCG

Question 5

The corpus luteum if there is no pregnancy, becomes the?

Answer 5

Corpus albicans or the atretic follicle

Question 6

how many oocytes are available at birth?

Answer 6

2 million

Question 7

on the onset of puberty, how many oocytes are available?

Answer 7

400,000

Question 8

after puberty, how many follicles are depleted per month?

Answer 8

1000

Question 9

how many follicles are released during a female’s productive life?

Answer 9

400

Question 10

more than 99.9% of follicles undergo atresia through?

Answer 10

apoptosis

Question 11

primary follicles develop to the antrum stage through the presence of what hormone?

Answer 11

FSH

Question 12

it is the stage wherein the follicle
becomes mature and becomes the graafian follicle
containing the oocyte and there is already a cavity, the
antrum, that contains the fluid

Answer 12

antral stage

Question 13

in the absence of FSH, all the follicles undergo?

Answer 13

atresia

Question 14

it is the selection of primordial follicles and their growth to the antral stage?

Answer 14

recruitment

Question 15

it is the phase where recruitment happens?

Answer 15

Follicular phase or pre ovulatory phase

Question 16

what hormone stimulates the the theca cells to convert cholesterol to androtenedione

Answer 16

LH; luteinizing hormone

Question 17

testosterone (androstenedione) is converted to estradiol and progesterone through the action of what hormone?

Answer 17

FSH

Question 18

where does the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and progesterone take place?

Answer 18

granulosa cell

Question 19

where does the conversion of cholesterol to androstenedione take place?

Answer 19

theca cells

Question 20

What day does ovulation happen?

Answer 20

Day 14

Question 21

what is the precise predictor of ovulation?

Answer 21

gonadotropic surge resulting from increasing estrogen secretion of preovulatory follicles

Question 22

When does gonadotropic surge occur?

Answer 22

34-36 hours before ovum release

Question 23

When does LH secretion peak?

Answer 23

10-12 hours before ovulation

Question 24

it is the phase where the corpus luteum develops from the Graafian follicle?

Answer 24

Luteal phase or post ovulatory phase

Question 25

The process where the corpus luteum forms from the Graafian follicle is called?

Answer 25

luteinization

Question 26

this hormone is the primary luteotropic factor responsible for corpus luteum maintenance

Answer 26

luteinizing hormone

Question 27

when will corpus luteum regress after ovulation?

Answer 27

9-11 days

Question 28

there is increased cholesterol available for production of progesterone during the luteal phase? true or false?

Answer 28

true

Question 29

there is increase in overall increase in estrogen in the luteal phase? t or f?

Answer 29

false After ovulation, estrogen levels DECREASE, followed by a secondary RISE that reaches a peak production of 0.25 mg/d of 173-estradiol in the midluteal phase. x Toward the end of the luteal phase, secondary DECLINE in estradiol production.

Question 30

what is the most potent estrogen?

Answer 30

17 beta estadiol

Question 31

what secretes the most potent estradiol during the luteal phase?

Answer 31

granulosa cells of the dominant follicle and the luteinized granulosa cells of the corpus luteum

Question 32

this hormone is essential in most events of the normal menstrual cycle

Answer 32

estrogen

Question 33

what does estrogen regulate?

Answer 33

follicular development uterine receptivity blood flow

Question 34

What is called the hormone of pregnancy and is amplified by estrogen?

Answer 34

Progesterone

Question 35

What hormone converts the endometrium to the secretory stages?

Answer 35

progesterone

Question 36

Normal menstrual bleeding is caused by

Answer 36

withdrawal of progesterone

Question 37

order from uterine artery to the spiral artery?

Answer 37

Uterine artery - arcuate artery - radial artery (when it enters the uterus) - basal artery - spiral artery

Question 38

where does the uterine artery originate?

Answer 38

internal iliac artery

Question 39

when does mitotic activity of the of the epithelium and stroma end?

Answer 39

at the 16-17 day; up to 3 days after ovulation

Question 40

this phase of menstrual cycle makes it hard to date the endometrium due to phase length variation

Answer 40

late proliferative phase

Question 41

how long does follicular phase last?

Answer 41

may last as short as 5-7 days or as long as 21-30 days

Question 42

what is the basis of endometrial dating in early secretory phase

Answer 42

glandular epithelium

Question 43

what it the hallmark of secretory phase?

Answer 43

glycogen accumulation in the basal portion of the glandular epithelium; creation of subnuclear vacuoles and pseudostratification

Question 44

What day does the hallmark of secretory phase usually happen?

Answer 44

Day 17

Question 45

on day 18m what happens to the vacuoles?

Answer 45

they move to the apex of the non ciliated cells

Question 46

what happens on day 19-20

Answer 46

glandular cell mitosis stops due to high progesterone levels secretion of glycoprotein and mucopolysaccharide to the lumen

Question 47

What is the glandular phase of secretory phase?

Answer 47

Early secretory phase

Question 48

what is the stromal phase of secretory phase?

Answer 48

mid-late secretory phase

Question 49

when does the stroma become edematous?

Answer 49

day 21-24 (mid-late secretory phase)

Question 50

when does the massive coiling of the glands with luminal secretion happen?

Answer 50

Day 22-25 (mid late secretory phase)

Question 51

when does pre decidual transformation happen to the upper 2/3 of the functionalis layer?

Answer 51

day 22-25 (mid-late secretory phase)

Question 52

what marks the window of implantation?

Answer 52

endometrial changes

Question 53

what hormone is responsible for the continuation of the decidualization process?

Answer 53

progesterone

Question 54

decrease in luteal progesterone levels after the secretory phase leads to?

Answer 54

menstruations or bleeding

Question 55

what is the key process in endometrial extracellular matrix breakdown and repair of functionalis layer?

Answer 55

leukocyte infiltration

Question 56

what is the most striking anatomical event occuring prior to menses to prevent excessive bleeding?

Answer 56

vasocontriction

Question 57

Anatomical events by steps happening during mestruation

Answer 57

severe spiral artery coiling - Blood stasis - hypoxia and vasodilation - vasoconstriction

Question 58

during menstruation, prostaglandin synthase is decreased? t or f

Answer 58

False synthase is increased dehydrogenase is decreased

Question 59

functions of PGF2a

Answer 59

vasoconstriction myometrial contractions inflammation

Question 60

menstrual bleeding is arterial or venous?

Answer 60

arterial

Question 61

this is the highly modified endometrium of pregnancy?

Answer 61

decidua essential for hemochoral implantation

Question 62

the decidua is dependent on which hormone?

Answer 62

Both estrogen and progesterone

Question 63

decidua directly beneath the blastocyst?

Answer 63

basalis

Question 64

decidua overlying the enlarging blastocyst and in contact with the chorion leave?

Answer 64

capsularis

Question 65

the remainder of the decidua is lined by (aside from basalis and capsularis)

Answer 65

parietalis

Question 66

what decidual structure is retained after delivery?

Answer 66

zona basalis

Question 67

what decidual structure is in the middle and contains the remnants of blood vessels and glands

Answer 67

zona spongiosa

Question 68

surface decidual structure

Answer 68

zona compacta

Question 69

what layer of the decidua forms the placental basal plate?

Answer 69

decidua basalis

Question 70

zone of fibrinoid degeneration where invading trophoblast and decidua basalis meet (absence is evident in placenta accreta)

Answer 70

Nitabuch layer