Overall Chemistry

Question 1

What is the name of the process when an alkane turns into a haloalkane?

Answer 1

Radical Substitution

Question 2

What are the 3 processes of Radical Substitution?

Answer 2

-Initiation
-Propagation
-Termination

Question 3

What is the name of the process when an alkene turns into a haloalkene?

Answer 3

Electrophilic addition reaction

Question 4

Draw using curly arrows the diagram for the electrophilic addition of ethene with bromine.

Answer 4

-Curly arrows start from area of electron e.g. double bond
-Diploes are labelled S+ is attracted to carbocation
-Both radicals are drawn in final Bromine ion

Question 5

What is the name of the process when a haloalkane turns into an alcohol?

Answer 5

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 6

What is the first reagent added to a haloalkane during nucleophilic substitution?

Answer 6

Hot aqueous hydroxides ions

Question 7

Draw the diagram using curly arrows to show the mechanism for nucleophilic substitution of bromomethane.

Answer 7

-OH- has both radicals therefore curly arrows start from OH-
-Carbon is labelled as the S+ dipole and Bromine is labelled as S- dipole
-Curly arrow ends at Bromine atom
-Bromine ion is produced

Question 8

State and explain 2 anomalous properties of ice caused by hydrogen bonding

Answer 8

1.Water has a relatively high melting and boiling points it requires a lot of energy to overcome hydrogen bonds

2. Ice is less dense than water, because it has an open lattice structure

Question 9

What is the definition of ionic bond?

Answer 9

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 10

What is the definition of covalent bond?

Answer 10

Electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei and shared pair of electrons

Question 11

Describe why a molecule whether __ is polar or non polar

Answer 11

-__ is symmetrical/ unsymmetrical because the dipoles cancel out
-molecule is overall polar/ non polar