Overall quick tests

Question 1

What is a chromosome?

Answer 1

A long strand of DNA

Question 2

What are alleles?

Answer 2

Different versions of the same gene

Question 3

What is meant by a carrier of a genetic disease?

Answer 3

Someone who could possibly pass on the disease to a child, but doesn’t have it themselves.

Question 4

What is a phenotype? (HT)

Answer 4

The characteristics that an individual shows

Question 5

Why will someone with only one allele for Huntington’s disease definitely develop the disease?

Answer 5

Because the allele for Huntington’s disease is dominant.

Question 6

Give some symptoms of cystic fibrosis.

Answer 6

• Weight loss
• Breathing difficulty
• Chest infection
• Difficulty digesting food

Question 7

Why are genetic tests carried out on fetuses?

Answer 7

To see if the fetus has any faulty genes/alleles

Question 8

What is a stem cell?

Answer 8

An unspecialised cell

Question 9

A stem cell taken from bone marrow is what type of stem cell?

Answer 9

A adult stem cell

Question 10

What type of microorganism cant be treated with antibiotics?

Answer 10

Virus

Question 11

Which 3 conditions are ideally needed for microorganisms to grow rapidly?

Answer 11

• Warmth
• Moisture
• Nutrients (food)

Question 12

Which type of blood cell ‘fights’ microorganisms?

Answer 12

White blood cell

Question 13

What are the unique markers on the cell surface of a microorganism called?

Answer 13

Antigens

Question 14

Why are microorganisms like MRSA often called ‘superbugs’?

Answer 14

They are resistant to anitbiotics

Question 15

Why is the heart called a double pump?

Answer 15

The left and right sides of the heart pump blood to different parts of the body

Question 16

What is measured by the higher number in a blood pressure reading?

Answer 16

Pressure as the heart is contracting

Question 17

What is the name of the process that maintains the internal conditions in the body?

Answer 17

Homeostatis

Question 18

What is meant by a species?

Answer 18

Similar individuals capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

Question 19

How are cactus leaves adapted to reduce water loss by evaporation?

Answer 19

The leaves are reduced to spines

Question 20

What does a food chain show?

Answer 20

Feeding relationships between organisms

Question 21

What is the ultimate source or energy for the Earth?

Answer 21

The Sun

Question 22

What is a heterotroph?

Answer 22

An animal that consumes other organisms

Question 23

What do detritivores feed on? (HT)

Answer 23

Dead organisms

Question 24

What process removes carbon dioxide from the air?

Answer 24

Photosynthesis

Question 25

What is natural selection?

Answer 25

When individuals have characteristics that suit their environment/increase their chances of survival in an environment

Question 26

Name the scientist who suggested the theory of natural selection.

Answer 26

Charles Darwin

Question 27

What is meant by 'sustainability'?

Answer 27

Meeting people's needs without damaging the Earth's environment for future generations

Question 28

What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria do? (HT)

Answer 28

Remove nitrogen from the air

Question 29

What process in bacteria breaks down nitrates to nitrogen? (HT)

Answer 29

Denitrification

Question 30

What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Answer 30

They contain enzymes for aerobic respiration

Question 31

What are 3 structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Answer 31

- Cell wall - Chloroplasts - Permanent vacuole

Question 32

What are enzymes?

Answer 32

Protein molecules that speed up reactions in cells/act as catalysts in living things

Question 33

What is respiration?

Answer 33

The release of energy (from food chemicals) in all living cells

Question 34

How is anaerobic respiration different from aerobic respiration?

Answer 34

Anaerobic respiration doesn't use oxygen whereas aerobic does use oxygen

Question 35

What word describes an enzyme's structure when it's destroyed? (HT)

Answer 35

Denatured

Question 36

What is the green pigment that absorbs light energy in a plant cell?

Answer 36

Chlorophyll

Question 37

What is the waste product of photosynthesis?

Answer 37

Oxygen

Question 38

What do plants needs from the soil to add to glucose to make amino acids?

Answer 38

Nitrates

Question 39

What is a transect?

Answer 39

- A random section across an area | - A representative area to sample

Question 40

What is diffusion?

Answer 40

The movement of substances from a region of high to low concentration

Question 41

What is the only substance moved by osmosis?

Answer 41

Water

Question 42

What is a tissue?

Answer 42

A group of similar cells to perform a function

Question 43

Name the process by which body cells divide to produce new identical cells.

Answer 43

Mitosis

Question 44

Where are gametes produced in the body?

Answer 44

- Testes | - Ovaries

Question 45

What is the name of the single cell produced after the fertilisation of an egg cell by a sperm cell?

Answer 45

Zygote

Question 46

What is the missing word? Adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine are the four _______ in a DNA molecule.

Answer 46

bases

Question 47

What carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm? (HT)

Answer 47

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 48

What is the name given to the areas of plants where growth occurs?

Answer 48

Meristems

Question 49

Which tubes carry water up a plant?

Answer 49

Xylem (vessels)

Question 50

Which tubes carry dissolved food in a plant?

Answer 50

Phloem

Question 51

What is needed for a cutting from a plant to develop roots?

Answer 51

Hormone/Auxin

Question 52

Plants grow towards light. What is this called?

Answer 52

Phototropism

Question 53

What is a stimulus?

Answer 53

A change in an organism's environment

Question 54

What type of neuron carries impulses from the central nervous system to an effector such as a muscle?

Answer 54

Motor neuron

Question 55

What is the name of the gap between two neurons?

Answer 55

Synapse

Question 56

What is the name of the long fibre attached to the cell body in a motor neuron?

Answer 56

Axon

Question 57

What is a reflex action?

Answer 57

A fast, automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus

Question 58

What is the name given to the type of action when the final response has no direct connection to the stimulus?

Answer 58

Conditioned reflex action

Question 59

What develop in the human brain to allow learning from experience, e.g. language?

Answer 59

Neuron pathways

Question 60

Which part of the brain is most concerned with intelligence and memory?

Answer 60

Cerebral cortex

Question 61

Name the technique that produces images of cross-sections of the brain.

Answer 61

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Question 62

What is memory?

Answer 62

The ability to store an retrieve information

Question 63

What is the 'type' of memory when the brain only stores information for a limited time?

Answer 63

Short-term memory

Question 64

How do drugs like ecstasy and prozac affect the nervous system?

Answer 64

They affect the passage of an impulse across a synapse

Question 65

What are the tough, fibrous tissues that connect bone to muscle?

Answer 65

Tendons

Question 66

What are the pair of muscles that work opposite to each other called?

Answer 66

Antagonistic pairs

Question 67

Give the formula for working out body mass index (BMI).

Answer 67

BMI = body mass (kg) / [height (m)] squared

Question 68

Give the main symptoms of a sprain.

Answer 68

- Swelling - Redness - Pain at the joint - Warmth

Question 69

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 69

They carry oxygen around the body

Question 70

Name the main artery carrying blood from the heart to the rest of the body (not to the lungs).

Answer 70

Aorta

Question 71

How does shivering help to raise your body temperature?

Answer 71

Heat is released into the blood as a result of increased respiration

Question 72

Name the hormone that's released to cause sugar to be taken from the blood by cells.

Answer 72

Insulin

Question 73

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 73

Type 1 occurs when the pancreas stops producing insulin, whereas type 2 occurs when the body stops responding to its own insulin or doesnt make enough insulin

Question 74

Why are complex carbohydrates more likely to maintain body sugar levels than simple carbohydrates?

Answer 74

Complex carbohydrates release sugar more slowly, whereas simple carbohydrates release it rapidly

Question 75

Why does the removal of trees and vegetation cause soil erosion?

Answer 75

The roots bind the soil together and without them the soil is washed away. The leaves also protect the soil from direct rainfall.

Question 76

Why is there no waste in a perfect closed loop system?

Answer 76

Any waste output is used as input in another part of the system

Question 77

Why are decomposer organisms, such as fungi, so important to ecosystems?

Answer 77

They break down waste materials and dead organisms so the products can be recycled

Question 78

How does the use of quotas in sea fishing help to sustain stocks?

Answer 78

It allows fish to remain and reproduce to increase populations

Question 79

What are containers of growing microorganisms that make products useful to industry, e.g. enzymes, called?

Answer 79

Fermenters

Question 80

What is genetic modification?

Answer 80

Changing the genetic make-up/genotype of an organism

Question 81

What is nanotechnology?

Answer 81

The science of working with extremely small structures

Question 82

What are unspecialised cells that have the potential to become any specialised cell called?

Answer 82

Stem cells