overdoses Flashcards
(25 cards)
key side effects of cocaine
- coronary artery spasm -> myocardial ischaemia/infarction
- aortic dissection
- seizures
- hypertonia/hyperreflexia
- psychosis
- ischaemic colitis - abdo pain/rectal bleeding
- metabolic acidosis
management of cocaine toxicity
benzodiazepines
chest pain: + glyceryl trinitrate
hypertension: + sodium nitropusside
(do NOT use betablockers)
key electrolyte disturbance in ectasy/MDMA use
hyponatraemia
management of ectasy poisoning
supportive
dantrolene for hypERthermia (if simple measures fail)
long term effects of nitric oxide use
vit B12 deficiency
- persistent use _> subacute degen of cord
mood disrders
lung damage, frost bite
management of opioid dependence
methadone or buprenorphine
key presenting features of carbon monoxide toxicity
headache (90%)
will hint at poor accom - student flat
pulse oximetry falsely high due to similarities between oxyhaemoglobin + carboxyhaemoglobin
pathophys of carbon monoxide poisoning
carbon monoxide binds readily to haemoglobin, forming carboxyhaemoglobin -> reduced oxygen-carrying capacity
(early plataeu in oxygen dissociation curve)
management of carbon monoxide poisoning
100% high flow oxygen via non-rebreather mask
- target sats = 100%
features of lead poisoning
abdo pain
peripheral neuropathy - mainly motor
blue lines on gum
constipation
basophilic stippling + clover leaf morphology on blood film
lead poisoning
managemnt of lead posioning
dimercaprol
calcium edetate
management of salicylate poisining
urinary alkalinisation with IV bicarbonate
haemodialysis
management of benzodiazepine overdose
flumazenil
- most managed just supportive those
- risk of seizures
management of tricyclic antidepressant overdose
IV bicarbonate
- reduce risk of seizures + arrhythmias
dialysis is INEFFECTIVE
- avoid amiodarone, prolongs QT
management of lithium overdose
mild-mod = fluid resus (saline)
severe = haemodialysis
heparin reversal agent
protamine sulphate
warfarin reversal
vit K, prothrombin complex
ethylene glycol overdose mx
fomepizole = 1st lline
- 2nd = ethanol
haemodialysis if refractory
methanol poisoning mx
fomepizole or ethanol
haemodialysis
organophosphate insecticides overdose mx
atropine
iron overdose mx
desferrioxamine
salicylate overdose ABG picture
mixed resp alkalosis + metabolic acidosis
- early stimulation of resp centre leads to resp alkalosis
- then direct acid effects of salicylates (combined with acute renal failure) = acidosis
salicylate overdose features
hyperventilation
tinnitus
sweating
hyper/hypoglycaemia
seizures
