Overveiw of the brain and neutrons

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

Individual cells in the nervous system

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

Gather much of the incoming information from other cells

Question 3

Soma

Answer 3

• Cell body - contains nucleus

Acts like a tiny factory where proteins and neurotransmitters are manufactured

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Long, thin fibre that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscle/glands

Question 5

Axon Terminal

Answer 5

• Chemicals are released by the neuron to influence the activity of other neurons

Question 6

Neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Fundamental to behaviour, playing key roles in muscle movements to moods and mental health

Question 7

Agonist

Answer 7

Chemical that mimics the action of neurotransmitter

Question 8

Antagonist

Answer 8

• Chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 9

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 9

• Made up of all the nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord
  Bundle of neuron fibres that are routed together in the PNS

Question 10

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 10

• Nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors
  Nerves carry information from receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints to CNS

Question 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 11

• Nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands
  Control automatic, involuntary, visceral functions

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

• Seat of complex thoughts

Question 13

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 13

• Wrinkled surface of the cerebrum, outer layer

Question 14

Thalamus

Answer 14

n the forebrain, through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex; Made with clusters of cell bodies (somas)

Question 15

Midbrain

Answer 15

Located between the hindbrain and the forebrain
Contains a region that integrates sensory processes (vision and hearing)
Important system of dopamine - Releasing neurons originates in the midbrain
Reticular formation - Runs through hindbrain and midbrain

Question 16

Hindbrain

Answer 16

• Lower part of the brain
  Cerebellum + Medulla + Pons

Question 17

Medulla

Answer 17

In charge of largely unconscious but vital functions

Question 18

Pons

Answer 18

• “bridge”; Connects the brainstem with the cerebellum

Question 19

Cerebellum

Answer 19

• “little brain”; Critical for our sense of equilibrium/physical balance; Helps except the muscular movement commands

Question 20

Cerebrum

Answer 20

Responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movements

Question 21

Corpus callosum

Answer 21

Bridge of fibres passing information between the two cerebral hemispheres

Question 22

Thalamus

Answer 22

Handles incoming and outgoing signals

Question 23

Amydgala

Answer 23

Part of limbic system involved in emotion and aggression

Question 24

Cerebellum

Answer 24

Coordinates tone, muscle movement, and balance

Question 25

Hypothalamus

Answer 25

Regulates basic biologic needs
Hunger, thirst, temperature control

Question 26

Hippocampus

Answer 26

Part of limbic system involved in learning and memory

Question 27

Pituitary gland

Answer 27

Regulated other endocrine glands

Question 28

Limbic System

Answer 28

Loosely connected network of structures located roughly along the border between the cerebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas