overview Flashcards
(33 cards)
Vowel duration and voicing
Research shows that vowel duration influences a listener’s perception of voicing. Vowels that precede unreleased voiced stop consonants are as much as 1.5 times as long as vowels that precede voiceless stops
rationale for using standardized, norm-referenced instruments to assess speech-language functioning
The use of standardized normative instruments enables a clinician to compare a client’s language and speech function with the average normal function for a person in the client’s age range.
when to refer for psychological counseling
Psychological counseling is most appropriate for a client who appears interested in improving speech but has not remained motivated long enough to complete the several treatment programs started. The client also does not exhibit maintenance of benefits from prior treatment. Thus, psychological counseling should precede any further remedial efforts.
what is manual depression of the larynx
Manual depression of the larynx will serve to lengthen the vocal folds, allowing them to vibrate at a lower frequency.
whispered speech
Whispered speech is composed largely of aperiodic sounds, as the vocal folds do not vibrate while whispering is taking place.
perturbation
Perturbation is a disturbance in the quality of the laryngeal tone, or fundamental frequency, of the voice.
what type of perturbation can be measured to determine the amount of noise in the voice?
F0 cycle-to-cycle variations in sound energy over time
dysarthria vs apraxia
Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder characterized by slowness, weakness, incoordination, or altered tone of the speech production mechanism. The definition of apraxia includes the absence of any deficits in strength, tone, or coordination and rather is characterized by deficits in motor planning and/or programming of speech.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve courses under the aortic arch in its course back to innervate the left larynx and the inferior pharynx. The nerve can be damaged in cardiothoracic operations including aortic arch or valve repairs. Only the left (and not the right) recurrent laryngeal nerve has this course
limitations in research studies
The use of a single-group pretest-posttest design is a limitation because there is inadequate control of internal and external validity without a control group.
The absence of a control group is a limitation because control groups are a way of introducing control and can better isolate the effect of the treatment.
Furthermore, since it is a longitudinal study, improvement based on language development cannot be ruled out.
muscle produces the opposing action to those that produce velopharyngeal closure?
Velopharyngeal closure is largely produced by soft palate elevation, and the only muscle in the list that produces soft palate depression (the opposite of soft palate elevation) is the palatoglossus.
An otolaryngologist has referred a 45-year-old man for voice treatment following medialization thyroplasty for a paralyzed vocal fold. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapeutic strategy for the SLP to use?
Medialization thyroplasty moves the paralyzed vocal fold closer to the mid-glottis to allow better compensation by the unaffected fold. Only the production of a hard glottal attack addresses the compensatory behavior.
true/false
Children with language disorders tend to ask fewer open-ended questions than do children who are developing normally.
true
t/f
Research regarding the use of intensive phonemic-awareness treatment for children who have difficulty learning to read has demonstrated that the treatment might have no direct relationship to improvement in reading abilities
true
Intensive phonemic-awareness treatment programs are thought to improve reading by training children to better differentiate and process speech sounds. However, to date, research has not successfully separated the effects of intensive intervention, so no direct relationship has yet been proved.
t/f
Development of phonation through coughing or throat clearing is an effective technique in the treatment of aphonia
true
A child with discourse problems is most likely to need remediation directed at cohesive devices
Cohesive devices, such as prenominal references, coordinating conjunctions, and conjunctive adverbs, are used to link clausal and sentential elements to form a coherent and unified message.
t/f
In terms of communication impairment, an adult with Alzheimer’s-type dementia tends to differ from an adult with aphasia associated with a CVA in that the capacity of the adult with aphasia to make appropriate comments about recent events is generally better
true
Adults with dementia typically have impaired short-term memory abilities. Adults with aphasia are more likely to recall recent events and consequently would be more likely to make appropriate comments about recent events when compared to those with dementia.
differential diagnosis between childhood apraxia of speech and flaccid dysarthria in a child
A history of the child’s development of chewing, eating, and swallowing
A child with childhood apraxia of speech does not have difficulties with chewing, eating, and swallowing, whereas a child with flaccid dysarthria is likely to have such difficulties.
Control over the fundamental frequency of the laryngeal tone is most closely related to the activity of which muscles?
The cricothyroid muscle has the greatest control over the fundamental frequency of the laryngeal tone by lengthening or tensing the vocal folds.
semantic-syntactic constructions
Denial is shown through the utterance of “no kitty,”
possessor + possession is shown through the utterance of “my doggie,”
attribute + entity is shown through the utterance of “big kitty,”
agent + action is shown though the utterance of “doggie ball.”
Treatment for apraxia of speech most appropriately emphasizes
Treatment for apraxia of speech appropriately emphasizes auditory-visual stimulation, oral-motor repetition, and phonetic placement.
ABAB or ABA design
An ABAB or ABA design shows changes when intervention is applied. Single-subject design using ABAB or ABA design is the best method to determine whether intervention has succeeded
Individuals diagnosed as having hemifacial microsomia are also most likely to have ear malformation
true
Ear malformation is the only symptom of those listed that is typical of hemifacial microsomia, a genetic diagnosis within the oculo-auricular-vertebral (OAV) spectrum.
The sensorimotor integration of the muscles of the lower face depends on which two of the cranial nerves
The trigeminal nerve has a motor component which is involved in mastication (and thus the lower face) and a sensory component, which provides sensory information from the entire face (including the lower face). The facial nerve provides motor innervation to several muscles that are found in the lower face, including the orbicularis oris and the buccinator.
