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Overview Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What do all (-) RNA viruses need?

A

• RNA dependent RNA polymerase
-This is carried by virus
-Human cells do not have this
• Envelope

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2
Q
  • What enzyme do retroviruses uses?

* How does this work?

A
  • Reverse transcriptase

* RNA is transcribed into DNA

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3
Q

In a dsDNA virus, which strand of DNA is used for transcription?

A

(+) strand

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4
Q

What are the two shapes of capsids?

A
  1. Icosahedral

2. Helical

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5
Q

What are all helical symmetry capsids bound to?

A

RNA (because RNA viruses have helical symmetry)

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6
Q

What two shapes can an RNA virus take?

A
  • Icosahedral

* Helical

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7
Q

What are the six DNA viruses?

A

HHAPPPy

  1. Herpes
  2. Hepadna
  3. Adeno
  4. Papova
  5. Parvo
  6. Pox
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8
Q

What DNA virus is not like the others in terms of it’s genetic material?

A
  • Parvo

* it is ssDNA

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9
Q

What DNA virus is not like the others in terms of it’s shape?

A
  • Pox

* It’s box-like

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10
Q
  • Where do all DNA viruses replicate?

* What is the exception?

A
  • Nucleus

* Pox virus → in cytoplasm

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11
Q

Three enveloped DNA viruses?

A
  1. Herpes
  2. Hepadna
  3. Pox
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12
Q

Three naked DNA viruses?

A
  1. Papova
  2. Adeno
  3. Parvo
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13
Q

What is the genetic make up of most RNA viruses?

A

Most are single stranded (half (+), half (-))

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14
Q

What one RNA virus is double stranded?

A

Reoviridae

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15
Q

Where do most RNA viruses replicate?

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

What are the 12 RNA viruses?

A
  1. Toga
  2. Corona
  3. Retro
  4. Picorna
  5. Calici
  6. Reo
  7. Orthomyxo
  8. Paramyxo
  9. Rhabdo
  10. Bunya
  11. Arena
  12. Fibo
  13. Flavi might be one?
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17
Q

What three RNA viruses are naked?

A
  1. Picorna
  2. Calici
  3. Reo
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18
Q

What five RNA viruses are icosahedral?

A
  1. Reo
  2. Picorna
  3. Toga
  4. Flavi
  5. Calici
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19
Q

What two RNA viruses undergo replication in the nucleus?

A
  1. Retro

2. Orthomyxo

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20
Q

Which RNA virus does not carry an RNA dependent RNA polymerase?

A

(+) RNA

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21
Q
  • What do orthomyxo viruses cause?
  • Where in the body does this replicate?
  • Where in the cell does this replicate?
Study These Flashcards
A
  • (Ordinary) flu
  • Pneumonia
  • Upper respiratory tract
  • Nucleus
22
Q
  • What do paramyxo viruses cause?
  • Where in the body does this replicate?
  • Where in the cell does this replicate?
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Influenza-like virus
  • Parainfluenza, measles, mumps, respiratory syncitial virus
  • Upper respiratory tract
  • Cytoplasm
23
Q

Structure of orthomyxo virus?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • (-) RNA, segmented
  • Enveloped (because (-) RNA)
  • Helical
  • HA, NA
  • M-protein
24
Q

How does hemagglutinin affect host cells?

Study These Flashcards
A

• Attaches to sialic acid receptors (on RBCs)
-Cause heme-agglutination
• Attaches to sialic acid repectors (URT)
-Fusion of host cell and virion membranes
-Virion genetic material is adsorbed

25
How does neuramindase affect host cells?
* Neuraminic acid important in mucin * NA cleaves this * Exposes sialic acid underneath (which HA binds to)
26
What types of influenza affect humans?
* A → animals, humans, mammals | * B, C → humans only
27
What is antigenic drift?
* Small changes that occur during viral replication | * Leads to milder disease than antigenic shift because we have partially active antibodies
28
What is antigenic shift?
* Huge changes in HA and NA | * Only occurs with type A influenza (because has to be between animal and human strains)
29
Elderly and immunocompromised are at risk of sequella of influenza. What does this include?
* Virus moving to LRT → viral pneumonia | * Lowered defenses → 2nd bacterial pneumonia (staph aureus, strep pneumonia)
30
What is Reye's sydnrome?
* Severe reaction to ASA in children with influenza or varicella * Severe brain and liver disease
31
What class of viruses does influenza fall into?
Orthomyxo
32
What meds can you give for influenza?
• Amantadine and Rimantidine -Both prevent uncoating of Type A • Sanamavir and oseltamivir -NA inhibitors
33
Structure of paramyxo virus?
``` • (-) RNA → has enveloped • Not segmented • HA and NA are combined in 1 spike • Fusion (F) protein -Causes cells to fuse into giant mutilnucleated cells (syncitial cells) ```
34
What is the big picture of paramyxo viruses?
* Lungs → All absorb and replicate in URT (might spread to lower tract) * Kids → Most often affects kids * Viremia → Dissemination to distant sites (LRT, testicles, brain, etc)
35
What are symptoms of parainfluenza virus?
* Rhinitis * Pharyngitis * Sinus congestion * Bronchitis * Flu-like symptoms * Can become pneumonia in kids and immunocompromised
36
* What is a bad sequela of parainfluezna virus? | * What are the symptoms?
``` • Croup • Swelling of URT and larynx -Airway narrowing -Stridor (upper airway wheezing) -Barking cough ```
37
How does RSV differ from other paramyxo viruses?
Lacks HA and NA
38
What is the number one cause of pneumonia in children?
RSV
39
What is the best way to deal with RSV?
• Treatment is not ideal (mostly supportive) • Palivizumab is good for prevention -Monoclonal antibody against RSV
40
Where does mumps virus replicate?
* URT | * Regional lymph nodes
41
Where does mumps virus most often strike?
Parotid gland (swelling occurs after 3 weeks)
42
What are sequela of mumps?
* 25% of males get orchitis | * Meningitis and encephalitis can occur
43
What is vaccine for mumps?
MMR
44
What is transmission of measles?
* Respiratory droplets | * Direct contact
45
Where does measles replicate in the body?
* URT | * Conjunctival tissue
46
What can occur weeks prior to rash in measles?
* High fever * Conjunctivitis and swelling of eyelids * Photophobia * Hacking cough * Rhinitis and malaise
47
What occurs directly prior (1-2 days) to rash in measles?
• Koplic spots | -Small red based lesions with blue-white centers in the mouth
48
Describe measles rash
* Red rash * Flat to slightly bumpy (maculopapular) * Head → neck → torso → feet (by day 3) * It resolves head to toe also
49
What are sequela of measles?
* Pneumonia * Eye damage * Myocarditis * Encephalitis * Spontaneous delivery and abortion
50
Describe the possible slow nature of encephalitis caused by measles
* Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis * Slow form of encephalitis * Mental deterioration and incoordination

Virology (4 decks)

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