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Anatomy > Overview Anatomy of the Thorax > Flashcards

Overview Anatomy of the Thorax Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Structure of sternum

A

Manubrium
Body of sternum
Xiphisternum

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2
Q

What separates the manubrium and body of sternum

A

sternal angle

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3
Q

What level is the sternal angle

A

rib 2

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4
Q

What would you feel superior of the manubrium?

A

jugular/suprasternal notch

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5
Q

Costal margin

A

ribs 7-10, bottom edge of ribcage

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6
Q

Subcostal angle

A

cartilage of ribs 7-10

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7
Q

Planes of chest wall

A

suprasternal plane
plane of sternal angle
xiphisternal plane

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8
Q

Level of suprasternal plane

A

suprasternal notch anteriorly

T2 posteriorly

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9
Q

Level of plane of sternal angle

A

sternal angle anteriorly

T4,5 posteriorly

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10
Q

Level of xiphisternal plane

A

xiphisternum anteriorly

T9 posteriorly

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11
Q

Lines of the chest wall

A

midaxillary line: armpit
midsternal line: sternum
midclavicular line: clavicle

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12
Q

Types of intercostal muscles

A

external, internal, innermost

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13
Q

Importance of intercostal muscles

A

respiration, keeping intercostal space rigid

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14
Q

Direction of internal and external icms

A

external - hands in pockets

internal - hands on bbobs

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15
Q

Location of icms in relation to each other

A

external, internal, intercostal nerves arteries and veins adn collateral bundle, innermost

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16
Q

What surrounds each lung?

A

serous pleural sac

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17
Q

Structure of serous pleural sac

A

visceral pleura

parietal pleura

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18
Q

Visceral pleura

A

lines the lungs, shiny, very thin, can’t remove when dissecting
continuous with each other

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19
Q

Parietal pleura

A

lines pulmonary cavity (ribcage), on outside, continuous with each other

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20
Q

What is in pleural cavity?

A

fluid - against friction, so no pain

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21
Q

Aperatures of thorax

A

superior thoracic aperature

inferior thoracic aperature

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22
Q

Superior thoracic aperature

A

opening for structures to enter/leave the neck/thorax
T1, rib 1, suprasternal notch
narrower than inferior

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23
Q

Inferior thoracic aperature

A

opening at lower part of thoracic cavity (closed by diaphragm)
T12, costal cartilage of ribs 7-10. xiphisternum

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24
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

compression of arteries and nerves against clavicle and 1st rib
most common: brachial plexus

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25
True ribs
1-7 attach directly to sternum
26
False ribs
8-10 attach to sternum via 7th costal cartilage
27
Typical ribs
3-9 | head, neck, body, superior and inferior facet, tubercle, angle, costal groove
28
Atypical ribs
1, 2, 10, 11, 12
29
Superior facet
articulates with vertebrae above
30
Inferior facet
articulates with numerically corresponding vertebrae
31
Costal groove
for intercostal vein, artery and nerve
32
1st rib structure
one facet on head, tubercle, scalene tubercle, 2 grooves
33
Scalene tubercle
on 1st rib | scalanus anterior attaches
34
Grooves of 1st rib
1. subclavian artery groove | 2. subclavian vein groove
35
Types of vertebrae
cervical thoracic lunbar sacral
36
Thoracic vertebrae structure
vertebral body, lamina, pedicle, spinal, transverse and articulatory process, articular facet
37
Lamina
flat roof of vertebral arch | connect with the pedicles to surround and protect the spinal cord
38
Pedicle
connects lamina to vertebral body
39
Spinous process
bony projection off posterior vertebrae, where lamina joins | provides the point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine
40
Transverse process
right and left attachments for muscles and ligaments | articulation for ribs
41
Articulatory process
superior and inferior projections of vertebra, fit with adjacent vertebrae
42
Facet
point of contact | eg. on transverse process for tubercle of rib
43
Pectoral muscles
pectoralis major and minor
44
Parts of pectoralis major
clavicular and sternocostal head
45
Attachments of pec major
clavicular head: medial half of clavicle sternocostal head: sternum + upper 6 costal cartilages intertubercular groove of humerus
46
Actions of pec major
adductor (bring arm down) medial rotator (arm towards midline) flexor (if arm extended) vice versa accesory muscle of respiration if pectoral girdle is fixed
47
Nerve supply of pec major
clavicular head : lateral pec nerves (C4-7) | sternocostal head: medial pec nerves (C8, T1)
48
Attachments of pec minor
coracoid process of scapula | ribs 3-5 near the cartilages
49
Actions of pec minor
depressor of scapula (+ therefore shoulder) protractor of scapula (shoulder forward) accesory muscle of respiration if pectoral girdle is fixed
50
Nerve supply of pec minor
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
51
Articulation of breast
base extends from rib 2-6 from lateral margin of sternum to midaxillary line axillary tail runs superiorly and laterally towards axilla
52
What is the breast?
modified sebaceous gland
53
Structure of breast
15-20 lobes sending lactiferous ducts to the nipple | lobes: glands and adipose tissue separated by fibrous septa
54
Location of breast
sits on retromammary space which separates breast from deeper pec muscles
55
Clinical importance of lymphatic drainage of the breast
frequency of breast cancer and its spread into other parts of the body by lymph and blood vessels need to examine many regions eg. arm
56
What is the mediastinum?
central part of thoracic cavity that lies between the pleural cavities
57
Boundaries of mediastinum
anterior: sternum posterior: thoracic vertebrae column superior: thoracic inlet and root of neck inferior: diaphragm
58
Sections of mediastinum
superior inferior separated by plane of sternal angle (manubriosternal joint to T4/5)
59
Superior mediastinum contents
``` thymus (lymphoid organ, lump of fat) SVC + brachiocephalic vein phrenic nerves arch of aorta and branches origins of internal thoracic arteries pulmonary a and v vagus n recurrent laryngeal branches trachea oesophagus thoracic duct ```
60
Inferior mediastinum regions
anterior, middle, posterior
61
Contents of anterior inferior mediastinum
internal thoracic a and v anterior intercostal branches thymus poss sternopericardial ligaments
62
Contents of middle inferior mediastinum
heart and pericardium phrenic nerve pericardiophrenic a and v IVC
63
Contents of posterior inferior mediastinum
``` descending aorta azygous v oesophagus thoracic duct sympathetic trunks ```
64
Phrenic nerve
C3-5, passes through superior thoracic aperature, superior and middle inferior mediastinum innervates diaphragm
65
Floating ribs
11-12 do not attach to sternum

Anatomy (9 decks)

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