Overview of cells

Question 1

Contain no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Answer 1

Prokaryotic cells

Question 2

Contains a nucleus with DNA and membrane bound organelles

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells

Question 3

Are Eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells larger?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells

Question 4

Where is the genetic location in Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Nucleoid region

Question 5

What are the 3 differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 5

Plant cells contain a central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplast.

Question 6

What contains most of the cell’s genes?

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

What encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Nuclear envelope

Question 8

What does the nuclear envelope do?

Answer 8

Encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm

Question 9

How many membranes does the nuclear envelope have?

Answer 9

Double membrane

Question 10

What is the nuclear lamina?

Answer 10

Proteins surrounding the nuclear side of the envelope maintaining the shape of the nucleus.

Question 11

How is DNA organized?

Answer 11

Into chromosomes.

Question 12

What is the chromatin?

Answer 12

One DNA molecule associated with proteins.

Question 13

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 13

The site within the nucleus that is the site of rRNA synthesis.

Question 14

Complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein

Answer 14

Ribosomes

Question 15

Where do ribosomes carry out protein synthesis?

Answer 15

In the cytosol and on the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope.

Question 16

Where rRNA is made in the nucleus

Answer 16

Nucleolus

Question 17

What does the smooth ER do (four functions)?

Answer 17

Synthesizes lipids, metabolized carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, and stores calcium ions.

Question 18

What does the rough ER do (three functions)?

Answer 18

Secretes glycoproteins, distributes transport vesicles, and is a membrane factory for the cell

Question 19

Flattened membranous sacs called cisternae

Answer 19

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

What does the Golgi apparatus do (three functions)?

Answer 20

Modifies products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, and sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

Question 21

Cis face Golgi apparatus

Answer 21

Receives proteins

Question 22

Trans face Golgi apparatus

Answer 22

Ships out proteins

Question 23

What is a lysosome?

Answer 23

A membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules

Question 24

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 24

When some types of cells engulf another cell

Question 25

What are vacuoles?

Answer 25

Large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi apparatus.

Question 26

What are the three types of vacuoles?

Answer 26

Food vacuoles, contractile vacuoles, and central vacuoles.

Question 27

What is the endosymbiont theory?

Answer 27

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplast were its own cells until engulfed in non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cells

Question 28

Contains a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into cristae

Answer 28

Mitochondria

Question 29

Two compartments of the mitochondria

Answer 29

Inter-membrane space and mitochondrial matrix

Question 30

Two parts of chloroplast

Answer 30

Thylakoid and stroma

Question 31

In chloroplast, membranous sacs, that stack to form a granum

Answer 31

Thylakoid

Question 32

In chloroplast, the internal fluid is called:

Answer 32

Stroma

Question 33

Specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane

Answer 33

Peroxisomes

Question 34

What do peroxisomes do?

Answer 34

Break down lipids and create hydrogen peroxide which gets turned into water.

Question 35

A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

Answer 35

Cytoskeleton

Question 36

3 molecular structures of cytoskeleton

Answer 36

Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 37

Role of cytoskeleton

Answer 37

Interacts with motor proteins to create motility

Question 38

Functions of microtubules (3)

Answer 38

Shaping the cell, guiding movement of organelles, and separating chromosomes during cell division

Question 39

Where microtubules grow out of

Answer 39

Centrosome

Question 40

Function of microfilaments

Answer 40

Solid rods built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits, forming a cortex just inside the plasma membrane to help support the cell’s shape. Can contain myosin if working with motility.

Question 41

Function of intermediate filaments

Answer 41

permanent cytoskeleton fixtures that support cell shape and fix organelles in place

Question 42

What is the cell wall made up of

Answer 42

cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and protein.

Question 43

Primary cell wall

Answer 43

relatively thin and flexible

Question 44

Middle lamella

Answer 44

thin layer of cell wall between primary walls of adjacent cells

Question 45

Secondary cell wall

Answer 45

Added between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall

Question 46

Composition of Extracellular matrix

Answer 46

glycoproteins such as collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

Question 47

Function of extracellular matrix

Answer 47

Can regulate a cell’s behavior by communicating with a cell through integrins, influence the activity of gene in the nucleus, and mechanical signaling may occur through cytoskeletal changes that trigger chemical signals in the cell

Question 48

What are plasmodesmata

Answer 48

Channels that perforate plant cell walls to allow for sharing of nutrients

Question 49

Three cell junctions in epithelial tissues

Answer 49

Tight junction, desmosomes, and gap junctions

Question 50

Tight junctions

Answer 50

Where membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid

Question 51

Desmosomes

Answer 51

(anchoring junctions) fasten cells together into strong sheets

Question 52

Gap junctions

Answer 52

(communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells