OVERVIEW OF DIABETES Flashcards
(25 cards)
An increase of plasma glucose levels
Hyperglycemia
In healthy patients, during an hyperglycemic episode, it is normal that the beta cells of the pancreatic Langerhans cells ________ in the body.
increase the levels of Insulin
disorder in the secretion/response to INSULIN
Diabetes Mellitus
disorder in the secretion/response to VASOPRESSIN/ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE
Diabetes Insipidus
a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes Mellitus or DM is sub-categorized into two classifications:
Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)
Type 2-DM (Non-Insulin Dependent)
Insulin Dependent
Type 1-DM
Non-Insulin Dependent
Type 2-DM
characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia primarily as a result of pancreatic B-cell destruction and a tendency to ketoacidosis.
Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)
usually, B-cells are destroyed as a result of cell-mediated autoimmune destruction.
Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)
Rare, usually comprises 10% to 20% of the cases
Childhood onset
Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)
usually initiated by an environmental factor or infection (usually a virus) to an individual with a genetic predisposition and causes the destruction of the B-cells of the pancreas.
Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)
Characterized by: Abrupt/Early Onset - Mental Confusion Insulin Dependent - Loss of Consciousness -Ketosis: Possible -Polydipsia -Polyphagia -Polyuria -Rapid Weight Loss -Hyperventilation
Type 1-DM (Insulin Dependent)
characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of an individual’s resistance to insulin with an insulin secretory defect.
Type 2-DM (Non- Insulin Dependent)
this resistance result in a relative, not absolute, insulin deficiency
Type 2-DM (Non- Insulin Dependent)
Constitutes majority of the cases
Type 2-DM (Non- Insulin Dependent)
Characterized by: Adult Onset - Mental Confusion Increased Weight - Loss of Consciousness - Ketosis: Seldom -Hyperosmolar Coma -Polyphagia -Polyuria
Type 2-DM (Non- Insulin Dependent)
RANDOM Plasma Glucose
≥200mg/dL (≥11.1mmol/L)
Fasting Plasma Glucose
≥126mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L)
Two-hour Plasma Glucose during OGTT
≥200mg/dL (≥11.1mmol/L)
HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin)
≥6.4%
FBS of ≥100mg/dL to <126mg/dL
impaired fasting glucose group
2H-OGTT of ≥140mg/dL to <200mg/dL
impaired glucose tolerance
for long-term monitoring of Blood Glucose
HbA1c
