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Overview of endocrinology Flashcards

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1
Q

State hypothalamic hormone which controls secretion of GH?

A

GHRH Increases
Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

GHIH/somatostatin Decreases
GHIH= Growth hormone inhibiting hormone

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2
Q

Describe the half life in cirulation and transport of tyrosine deriv (CA’s),
thyroid hormones?

A 
HL= Seconds (CA), Hours (thyroid)
T= Thyroid bound to plasma proteins

CA= catecholamines

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3
Q

State secretions in thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine

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4
Q

State hypothalamic hormone which controls secretion of TSH?

A

TRH (thyroid releasing hormone) Increases
Somatostatin (GHIH) (Growth hormone inhibitng hormone) Decreases

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5
Q

State the 3 general functions of hormones?

A
  1. Reproduction, growth and development
  2. Maintenance of internal environment
  3. Energy production, utilization and storage
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6
Q

State the 4 chemical classifications of hormones?

A

Protein/peptide
Steroid (cholestrol)
Amino acid derivative (tyrosine/tryptophan)
Fatty acid derivative

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7
Q

State secretions of the adipose tissue?

A

Leptin

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8
Q

State the hormones secreted via the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

These are all trophic hormones (cause stimulation of other glands):

GH (Growth hormone)
prolactin
TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
LH/ FSH (Luteinizing hormone (LH) and
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) )

Remember via ‘ FAT PEG’

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9
Q

State the hormones involved in maintenance of internal environment?

A

Aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D

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10
Q

Describe the Paracrine signalling mechanism

A

Hormones released by endo. cells which act locally on
adjacent cells

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11
Q

Name the 8 major endocrine glands

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland
  • Thyroid
  • Adrenal cortex
  • Gonads
  • Pancreas
  • Parathyroid glands
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12
Q

State the hormones involved in energy production, utilization and storage?

A

Insulin, glucagon, thyroid hormones, cortisol, growth hormone

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13
Q

Describe the autocrine signalling mechanism

A

Hormones released by a cell which act back on the same cell

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14
Q

State the secretions involved within the regions of the adrenal
gland

A

Cortex: Cortisol, aldosterone
Medulla: Adrenaline/noradrenaline

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15
Q

State 6 examples of steroid hormones?

A

Cortisol
Aldosterone
Oestrogens
Androgens
Progestagens
Vitamin D

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16
Q

State the secretions involved within the regions of the pituitary
gland

A

Anterior lobe - trophic hormones
Posterior lobe – oxytocin & vasopressin (ADH)

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17
Q

State secretions in Pancreas

A

Insulin, glucagon

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18
Q

State hypothalamic hormone which controls secretion of Prolactin?

A

Dopamine Decreases

(Dominant control)

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19
Q

Describe how hormones from the anterior pituitary lobe released?

A

Along the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Other neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus release their hormones into the portal capillaries
These are transported directly to endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary gland
This stimulate secretion of the AP hormones

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20
Q

State the hormones involved in repro., growth and development?

Study These Flashcards
A

Sex Steroids, thyroid hormones, prolactin, growth hormone

21
Q

State 3 examples of FA derivatives hormones?

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A

Prostaglandins
Thromboxanes
Prostacyclin

FA= Fatty acid

22
Q

Excess GH?

23
Q

Describe the half life in cirulation and transport of steroid hormones?

Study These Flashcards
A 
HL= Hours- days
T= Bound to plasma proteins
24
Q

State 5 examples of protein/peptide hormones?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypothalamic hormones
Pituitary hormones
Insulin
PTH
Calcitonin

25
Describe the half life in cirulation and transport of protein/peptide hormones?
``` HL= Minutes T= Mainly unbound ```
26
State hypothalamic hormone which controls secretion of ACTH?
CRH (Corticotrophin releasing hormone) Increases ACTH
27
State the 4 signalling mechanisms within the endocrine system
Endocrine Paracrine Autocrine Intracrine
28
Excess of cortisol?
Cushing's disease
29
State secretions in gonads
Oestrogens, androgens, progestagens
30
State the hormones secreted via the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
Oxytocin Vasopressin (ADH)
31
State secretions of the thymus gland?
Thymic hormones
32
State secretions of CVS (cardiac muscle cells)?
ANP (atrial natrieutic hormone) Endothelins
33
State 4 examples of AA derivatives hormones?
Adrenaline Nor-adrenaline (tyrosine) Thyroid hormones (tyrosine) Melatonin (tryptophan) AA= Amino acid
34
State secretions of the pineal gland?
Melatonin
35
Describe how hormones from the posterior pituitary lobe released?
Along the hypothalamic-pituitary axis Magnocellular neurones in the hypothalamus synthesise the posterior pituitary hormones, where they send it to the posterior lobe along nerves and release from the posterior lobe of the PG
36
State the 3 glands controlled by the hypothalmic-pituitary axis with the hormone that stimulates it?
Thyroid (TSH) Adrenal cortex (ACTH) Gonads (LH/FSH)
37
Major function of hypothalamus
Releasing & inhibiting hormones
38
What is a neurosecretory cell?
Neurosecretory cell, a type of neuron, or nerve cell, whose function is to translate neural signals into chemical stimuli.
39
State hypothalamic hormone which controls secretion of LH/FSH?
GnRH Increases - GnRH (Gonadotrophin releasing hormone )
40
Resistance to vitamin D?
Rickets
41
Lack of cortisol?
Addison's disease
42
Complete resistance to circulating androgens?
Testicular feminisaiton Andorgens= Present in both males and females, the principle androgens are testosterone and androstenedion - Androgens are hormones that display male traits
43
State secretions of kidney?
Vit.D EPO (erythropoietin)
44
State secretions in Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone
45
Outline the pathway of how glands are affected by hypothalamic-pituitary axis
46
State 4 disorders of the endocrine system?
Excess or deficiency Impaired synthesis Transport and metabolism of hormones Resistance to hormone action
47
State secretions of the bone?
Phosphate
48
Describe the intracrine signalling mechanism
Conversion of an inactive hormone into an active one that acts within the cell
49
Describe the endocrine signalling mechanism
Hormones released by endo. cells into the general circulation (blood) and acting on distant target sites

Endo (9 decks)

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