Overview of Function of CVS

Question 1

What is the function of the CVS?

Answer 1

Is to supply the brain with oxygen

Question 2

What is the role of bulk flow system?

Answer 2

02 and CO2 exchange
Carries nutrients, metabolites, hormones and heat

Question 3

How is the CVS flexible?

Answer 3

Pump can vary output
Vessels can redirect blood
Vessels can store blood

Question 4

What is left side of heart responsible for?

Answer 4

Systemic circulation

Question 5

What is the right side of the heart responsible for?

Answer 5

Pulmonary circulation

Question 6

What is the reason for blood pumping in a series?

Answer 6

Output must be equal so does not cause accumulation

Question 7

What does the vascular beds lying in parallel mean?

Answer 7

All tissues get oxygenated blood
Allows regional redirection of blood

Question 8

What is the only exception to vascular beds lying in a parallel?

Answer 8

Gut and liver lie in a series due to liver having a portal system

Question 9

What organs have more oxygen consumption compare to cardiac output?

Answer 9

Heart
Skin - thermoregulation
Kidneys - filtration

Question 10

What is the pressure difference equal to?

Answer 10

Mean arterial pressure - central venous pressure
This affects all tissues

Question 11

What side of the heart gives mean arterial pressure?

Answer 11

Left side

Question 12

What side of the heart gives central venous pressure?

Answer 12

Right side

Question 13

Explain Darcy’s law

Answer 13

Flow = difference in pressure/ resistance

Question 14

What is resistance affected by?

Answer 14

Controlled by radius to power of 4
This selectively redirects flow

Question 15

Describe arterioles acting like taps

Answer 15

They control resistance and therefore flow to each vascular bed

Question 16

Explain fractional distribution

Answer 16

Proportion of blood in these veins and venules compared to rest of systemic circulation

Question 17

Why are veins and venules described as capacitance vessels?

Answer 17

They have the ability to store blood

Question 18

Describe the structure and function of the aorta

Answer 18

Elastic arteries
Wide lumen - low resistance
Thick elastic wall
Damp pressure variations

Question 19

Describe structure and function of arteries

Answer 19

Muscular arteries
Wide lumen - low resistance to blood flow
Strong, thick, non-elastic wall
Low resistance conduit

Question 20

Describe the structure and function of arterioles

Answer 20

Resistance vessels
Narrow lumen
Thick contractile wall - Control resistance and flow, and allow regional redirection of blood

Question 21

Explain the structure and function of capillaries

Answer 21

Exchange vessels
Narrow lumen
Thin wall

Question 22

Explain the structure and function of blood vessels

Answer 22

Capacitance vessels
Wide lumen
Thin, distensible wall
Low resistance conduit and reservoir
Fractional distribution

Question 23

What is the function of the septum in the heart?

Answer 23

Separates left and right sides

Question 24

What is the myocardium?

Answer 24

The muscular tissue of the heart

Question 25

What are the valves of the heart?

Answer 25

Aortic, pulmonary, mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 26

Explain the papillary muscle and chordae tendinea?

Answer 26

Papillary muscle contracts with ventricles and maintains tension on chordae tendinea This prevents blood from inverting

Question 27

Where are the valves loacted?

Answer 27

Aortic and pulmonary valve are at anterior of heat and have 3 flaps Tricuspid and mitral valve are posterior of heart Mitral has only 2 flaps

Question 28

Explain the vena cava

Answer 28

Superior and inferior vena cava bring deoxygenated blood into right atrium

Question 29

Explain function of pulmonary artery

Answer 29

Carries deoxygenated blood from right side of heart to lungs

Question 30

Explain the role of the aorta

Answer 30

Originates from left ventricle of heart Takes oxygenated blood to tissues

Question 31

Explain the role of the pulmonary vein

Answer 31

Transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of heart

Question 32

What is the function of the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 32

Transmit deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lung Trunk splits into left and right arteries