Overview of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology

Question 1

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

morphology is derived from

Answer 2

Gr. Morphos = shape or form

Question 3

Gr. ana means

Answer 3

“up”

Question 4

tome means

Answer 4

“cutting”

Question 5

16th century, Father of Anatomy
a Belgian Physician

Answer 5

Andreas Versalius (1514-1564)

Question 6

author of:
The workings of the Human Body
7-volume collection of anatomic drawings

Answer 6

De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543)

Question 7

4 anatomy: levels of study

Answer 7

gross or macroscopic anatomy
surface anatomy
microscopic anatomy
developmental anatomy

Question 8

Larger structures
can be seen with the naked eye

Answer 8

gross or macroscopic anatomy

Question 9

gross or macroscopic anatomy approach of study:

Answer 9

regional anatomy
systemic anatomy

Question 10

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

Answer 10

surface anatomy

Question 11

locate the bump - 2nd pair of ribs are attached: top of the heart is located

Answer 11

sternal angle or angle of louis

Question 12

locate the prominent bump, next 2 spine - location of the top of the heart at the back side

Answer 12

spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra (C-7)

Question 13

• structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye
• structures can only be viewed with a microscope

Answer 13

microscopic anatomy

Question 14

subdivisions of microscopic anatomy

Answer 14

cytology and histology

Question 15

traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

Answer 15

developmental anatomy

Question 16

concerns developmental changes that occur before birth

Answer 16

embryology

Question 17

special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding

Answer 17

language of anatomy

Question 17

language of anatomy’s exact terms are used for:

Answer 17

position, direction, regions, structures

Question 18

• person stands with erect feet together and eyes forward
• palms face anteriorly with thumbs pointed away from the body
• right and left always refers to the sides belonging to the person or specimen being viewed: never to the viewer

Answer 18

anatomical position

Question 19

ventral and anterior are the same and so are dorsal and posterior

Answer 19

humans

Question 20

ventral is on the inferior side and dorsal is on the superior side

Answer 20

four-legged animals

Question 21

anterior and posterior body landmarks

axial region & appendicular region (thorax, abdomen, back)

Answer 21

regional terms

Question 22

directional terms:

Answer 22

superior (cranial or cephalad), inferior (caudal), ventral (anterior), dorsal (posterior), medial, lateral, intermediate, proximal, distal, superficial, deep

Question 22

toward the head end or upper part of a structure/body; above

Answer 22

superior (cranial or cephalad)

Question 23

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure/body; below

Answer 23

inferior (caudal)

Question 24

toward or at the front of the body; in front

Answer 24

ventral (anterior)

Question 25

toward or at the backside of the body; behind

Answer 25

dorsal (posterior)

Question 26

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Answer 26

medial

Question 27

away from the midline of the body; outer side of the body

Answer 27

lateral

Question 28

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Answer 28

intermediate

Question 29

close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

Answer 29

proximal

Question 30

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to a body trunk

Answer 30

distal

Question 31

toward or at the body surface

Answer 31

superficial

Question 32

away from the body surface; more internal

Answer 32

deep

Question 33

imaginary line drawn through the body which separates it into sections

Answer 33

body plane: sagittal plane, coronal plane, transverse plane

Question 34

divides the body into left and right sides

Answer 34

sagittal plane (median;midsagittal)

Question 35

divides the body into front and back section

Answer 35

coronal plane

Question 36

divides the body into sections above and below the midline

Answer 36

transverse plane

Question 37

- cranial cavity houses the brain - spinal cavity houses the spinal cord

Answer 37

dorsal body cavity

Question 38

- thoracic cavity houses heart, lungs, and others - abdominopelvic cavity houses digestive system and most urinary system organs

Answer 38

ventral body cavity

Question 39

within the rigid skull, contains the brain

Answer 39

cranial cavity

Question 39

which runs within the bony vertebral column, protects the spinal cord

Answer 39

spinal cavity

Question 40

divisions of the spinal cord

Answer 40

cervical vertebrae: C (cervical nerves) thoracic vertebrae: T (thoracic nerves) lumbar vertebrae: L (lumbar nerves) sacrum: S (sacral nerves)

Question 41

- pleural cavity - mediastinum - pericardial cavity

Answer 41

thoracic cavity

Question 42

abdominal cavity: stomach, intestines, liver pelvic cavity

Answer 42

abdominopelvic cavity

Question 43

abdominopelvic quadrants

Answer 43

RIGHT UPPER Q RIGHT LOWER Q LEFT UPPER Q LEFT LOWER Q

Question 44

called serous membranes or serosa

Answer 44

ventral body cavities membranes

Question 45

lines internal body walls

Answer 45

parietal serosa

Question 46

covers the internal organs

Answer 46

visceral serosa

Question 47

separates the serosae

Answer 47

serous fluid

Question 48

right hypochondriac region organs

Answer 48

liver gallbladder

Question 49

organs in the left hypochondriac region

Answer 49

diaphragm spleen

Question 50

epigastric region organs

Answer 50

stomach

Question 51

right lumbar region organs

Answer 51

ascending colon of large intestine

Question 52

left lumbar region organs

Answer 52

descending colon of large intestine

Question 53

umbilical region organs

Answer 53

transverse colon of large intestine small intestine

Question 54

right iliac (inguinal) region organs

Answer 54

cecum appendix

Question 55

left iliac (inguinal) region organs

Answer 55

initial part of sigmoid colon

Question 56

hypogastric (pubic) region organs

Answer 56

urinary bladder