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Overview of Immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

Multiple levels of protection

A

Layering

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2
Q

Redundancy

A

A single pathogen can be fought by the immune system multiple ways

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3
Q

What components of the immune system does blood contain?

A

Leukocytes, Lymphocytes, Clotting factors, Complement, and Antibodies

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4
Q

Two steps of the immune response.

A

First, recognition. Second, recruitment of effector mechanisms

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5
Q

Circulatory component of the immune system.

A

Lymphatic System

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6
Q

Functions of lymph nodes

A
  1. Filter interstitial fluids
  2. Removing antigens and make them available to B and T cells
  3. Provide a location where antigens can initiate an immune response
  4. Place for B cells to make antibodies
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7
Q

Functions of the lymph nodes

A
  1. Filter lymph
  2. Place for B & T cells to meet up
  3. Provide location where antigens can initiate immune response.
  4. Place for B cells to make antibodies.
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8
Q

Branches of the immune system

A

Innate and adapative

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9
Q

Non-specific immunity

A

Innate Immunity

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10
Q

Examples of Innate Immunity

A

Skin, mucus, eyelids

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11
Q

Acquired by antigen exposure and specific to a given antigen

A

Adaptive immunity

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12
Q

Clonal expansion (Clonal proliferation)

A

Activated B & T cells increase in number

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13
Q

Myeloid lineage

A

Granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages

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14
Q

Categories of adaptive immunity

A

Humoral and cell-mediated

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15
Q

Humoral Response

A

B cell response, antibodies

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16
Q

T-cell response

A

Cell-mediated response

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17
Q

Components of Innate Immunity

A
  1. Leukocytes (macrophages)
  2. Biochemical constituents (enzymes)
  3. Anatomical/physical barriers
  4. Proteins (complement, cytokines, chemokines)
  5. Inflammation
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18
Q

What is the key function of the immune system?

A

To prevent and control infections, eliminate the pathogens and their harmful products, and distinguish between self and non self.

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19
Q

A coordinated effort between cells, cytokines, and circulating proteins to remove or limit the spread of infectious agent.

A

Inflammation

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20
Q

Lymphocytes that have yet to encounter their antigen

A

Naive cells

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21
Q

Effector cells

A

Carry out the immune function

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22
Q

Memory cells

A

Circulate and await next encounter with the antigen.

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23
Q

Four granulocytes

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Basophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Mast cells
  4. Neutrophils
24
Q

Antigen presenting cells

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Dendritic cells
  2. Macrophages
  3. B cells
25
Produced by activated B cells
Antibodies
26
Proteins produced by activated immune cells
Cytokines
27
Proteins circulating in the blood stream aiding to the immune response
Complement
28
Production of antibodies and protection against extracellular pathogens by B cells
Humoral Immunity
29
2 types of adaptive immunity...
1. Humoral | 2. Cell mediated
30
Opsonization is related to which form of immunity
Innate
31
Antibodies are related to which form of immunity
Adaptive
32
What 3 mechanisms of action does innate immunity use?
1. Complement lysis 2. Opsonization 3. PAMP recognition
33
What mechanisms of action does adaptive immunity use?
1. Antibody neutralization 2. Antibody-mediated ADCC 3. Antibody and complement-mediated opsonization 4. Complement lysis
34
Cellular and non cellular components of innate immunity
1. Cellular components (PMNs) 2. Soluble components (antibodies, complements) 3. Intracellular (oxidative burst) 4. Extracellular (clotting, lysis)
35
2 parts of the immune response
1. Recognition | 2. Effector mechanisms
36
Steps of recognition
1. Recognize pathogen as non-self | 2. Recognize the specific pathogens
37
Steps of effector mechanisms
1. Kill or remove pathogen and products | 2. Repair damage
38
Network of vessels and nodes that circulate and filter plasma-derived fluid
Lymph nodes
39
Three characteristics of innate immunity...
1. Non-specific 2. Present and birth 3. Always "on" at basal levels
40
5 characteristics of adaptive immunity
1. Specific 2. Activated only when a specific pathogen is encountered 3. Get better with each encounter 4. Provide memory for next encounter 5. Must be up regulated - slower to develop
41
How is innate immunity activated?
Activated by motifs or patterns common to pathogens
42
What is the first line of defense?
Innate immunity
43
What are the cellular and non-cellular mechanisms of innate immunity
1. Anatomical barriers (Skin) 2. Clearance mechanisms (phagocytosis) 3. Physiological variables (pH) 4. Chemical barriers (superoxide) 5. Enzymatic proteins (lysozyme) 6. Antimicrobial peptides (defensins)
44
Cellular components of adaptive immunity
1. Lymphocytes (B and T Cells) 2. Leukocytes (granulocytes) 3. APC's
45
Cells before activation
Naive cells
46
Cells which have been activated and carry out immune function
Effector cells
47
Cells which have been activated but are resting until next encounter
Memory Cells
48
Non-cellular components of adaptive immunity
1. Antibodies (B cells) 2. Cytokines (T cells) 3. Complement (bloodstream)
49
Humoral immunity protects against extracellular or intracellular pathogens and products?
Extracellular
50
Which type of T cell is involved in humoral immunity?
CD4+ T helper 2 (Th2)
51
Does cell mediated immunity protect against intracellular or extracellular pathogens?
Intracellular
52
Which T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity?
CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1)
53
How does innate immunity regulate adaptive immunity?
APCs phagocytose antigens and present them to T cells Phagocytes and infected cells produce cytokines which affect activation and differentiation of B and T cells Cytokines then guide the adaptive response
54
How does adaptive immunity regulate innate immunity
T cells produce cytokines that increase phagocytic activity and intracellular killing
55
What are primary lymphoid organs?
Thymus and bone marrow
56
What are secondary lymphoid organs?
Lymph nodes, spleen, gut, and other mucosal tissues

Immunology (4 decks)

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