Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Therapeutics I - Spring 2017 > Overview of Renal Pathophys Lecture > Flashcards

Overview of Renal Pathophys Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Azotemia definition

A

elevated BUN and Creatinine levels in blood usually due to decreased GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uremia definition

A

excess urea and nitrogenous waste in blood = can be toxic! - can occur due to metabolic and endocrine alterations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of Acute Kidney Disease

A

ABRUBT decrease in GFR or CrCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How to classify Acute Chronic Kidney disease

A

RIFLE classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does RIFLE classification stand for

A 
Risk
Injury
Failure
Loss of Kidney Function
End-Stage Kidney Disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of anatomical names for acute kidney injury/malfunction

A
  • pre-renal
  • intrinsic
  • post-renal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If the Acute chronic kidney disease is caused by a pre-renal malfunction - what does it mean?

A

decreased renal blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If the Acute chronic kidney disease is caused by a intrinsic malfunction - what does it mean?

A

structure within kidney is damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If the Acute chronic kidney disease is caused by a post-renal malfunction - what does it mean?

A

obstruction within urine collection system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease

A

progressive loss of function - gradual replacement of normal kidney architecture with parenchymal fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 possible disease states that can lead to chronic kidney disease

A

Diabetes Mellitus; Initial pathogenic injury; Hyperlipidemia; Systemic HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is glomerulosclerosis

A

glomerulus is changing to fibrotic tissue (

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the normal GFR level range

A

90 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of Hemodialysis

A

perfusion of blood and dialysate on opposite sides of semipermeable membrane - remove substances from blood by diffusion = excess plasma water is removed via ultrafiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

permanent catheter - peritoneal membrane acts as semipermeable membrane - osmotic pressure is generated by various dextrose and icodextrin concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What components can make up the osmotic pressure in peritoneal dialysis

A

dextrose; icodextrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is analgesic nephropathy

A

large doses of ASA and APAP can cause it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nephritis = Glomerulonephritis = GN can be divided into what two groups

A

Primary and secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Secondary GN is associated with what?

A

systemic diseases - like SLE, HTN, diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pathogenesis of Glomerular Diseases = __________ reaction

A

immune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 pathogenesis/immune reactions for glomerular diseases

A

1 - antibody - associated injury
2 - Cell mediated immune
3 - other mechanisms of glomerular injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nephrotic vs Nephritic Syndrome

A

Nephrotic - protein leakage only

Nephritic - protein AND RBC leakage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

3 major types of Glomerular syndromes

A

nephrotic syndrome; nephritic syndrome; chronic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Common signs/symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome

A
  • proteinuria
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • edema
  • hyperlipidemia/lipiduria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Common signs/symptoms of Nephritic syndrome
- hematuria - oliguria - azotemia - HTN
26
APKD: | inherited mutation of ________ gene _______ which gives rise to the protein ________
Dominant; PKD1 and PKD2; polycystein
27
Pathogenesis of APKD
Abnormal cysts formation in both kidneys; ultimately destroys intervening parenchyma; intermittent gross hematuria; HTN and urinary infection
28
Autosomal Recessive (______) Polycystic Kidney disease: Mutation in ______ which makes ______ (_______)
childhood; PKHD1; fibrocystin; polyductin
29
Clinical Features of Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
- serious at birth - young infants may die quickly from pulmonary or renal failure - Pts who survive infancy develop liver cirrhosis
30
``` Diuresis = ? Natriuresis = ? ```
``` D = increase in urine volume N = increase in renal sodium excretion ```
31
Possible Clinical uses for Diuretics
- HTN - Edema - CHF - Kindey disease - hepatic cirrhosis - hypercalcemia - diabetes insipidus
32
How do diuretics differ?
differ by site of action
33
Most of water is reabsorbed where?
proximal tubule
34
Examples of loop diuretics
furosemide; bumetanide; ethacrynic acid
35
Examples of potassium sparing diuretics
spironolactone; triamterene; amiloride
36
Examples of thiazides
HCTZ; Chlorthalidone
37
What does the macula densa do and how?
monitors BP - done by looking at the amount of NaCl being reabsorbed
38
What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule
Water, NaCl and HCO3 reabsorbed
39
Loop of Henle: Descending limb is _________ to water vs ascending limb is ________ to water
permeable; impermeable
40
Thick ascending limb is also known as "___________" because it pulls _____ back into the body
diluting segment; ions
41
What gets reabsorbed in the ascending loop of henle?
NaCl; Ca2+; Mg2+
42
The macula densa is near what portion of the tubules
distal convoluted
43
ADH affects what part of the nephron
collecting duct
44
Loop diuretics affect what of the nephron
ascending loop
45
Aldosterone is a ___________ which acts on the __________ to keep what?
mineralcorticoid; collecting duct; NaCl and therefore water
46
PASSIVE transport options for ions/solutes
- Convective solute flow (dragged with water) - simple diffusion - channel-mediated - carrier- mediated/facilitated diffusion/uniport
47
Is uniport passive or active transport?
passive
48
is symport passive or active transport?
active
49
is antiport passive or active transport?
active
50
primary active or secondary active transport? | ATP - mediated transport
primary
51
primary active or secondary active transport? | symport
secondary
52
primary active or secondary active transport? antiport
secondary
53
symport aka ________
co-transport
54
antiport aka
counter transport
55
what are active transport ways to move ions/solutes
ATP mediated transport, symport, antiport
56
Types of Antibody mediated glomerular injury
- circulating - immune complex deposition - Anti - GBM antibody - antibody against glomerular antigen
57
what is Anti-GBM antibody glomerular injury
an antibody will bind to the Glomerular Basement Membrane and cause damage to the membrane - autoimmune issue
58
what is immune complex deposition glomerular injury
a complex (antibody AND antigen) will bind to membrane and cause breakdown of the membrane
59
If the _________ are damaged/detached then protein leakage through defective GBM and filtration slits will occur
podocyte foots
60
Common agents that will cause an ascending infection
E.Coli, proteus, enterbacter
61
Combination of what things can lead to an ASCENDING INFECTION to cause acute pyelonephritis/renal infection
Urinary bladder infection; vesicoureteral reflux; intrarenal reflux
62
What two infections can lead to acute pyelonephritis
hematogenous infection and ascending infection
63
Pathogenesis Autosomal/Adult PKD | Hypertension and Urinary infection --> Ultimately fatal --> ________ is necessary.
Renal transplantation
64
what notable parts of the nephron are in the cortex
proximal (straight and convoluted) tubule, distal convoluted tubule; collecting tubule
65
what notable parts of the nephron are in the medulla
descending limb; ascending limb; collecting duct
66
Where does the diuretic work?: | Osmotic agents
proximal convoluted tube; descending limb; collecting duct
67
Where does the diuretic work?: | Acetazolamide - an Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
proximal convoluted tubule
68
Where does the diuretic work?: | Loop agents
ascending limb
69
Where does the diuretic work?: | Thiazides
Distal convoluted tubule
70
Where does the diuretic work?: | Adenosine
glomerulus; proximal convoluted; thick ascending; collecting duct

Therapeutics I - Spring 2017 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions