Overview of Reproductive System

Question 1

The ______ divides the pelvic cavity into a false and true pelvis.

Answer 1

Pelvic brim

NOTE: The boundaries of the pelvic brim are the pubic symphysis (anteriorly) and the sacral promotory (posteriorly).

Additional note: The pelvic brim is more round in females than in males.

Question 2

Primary sex organs

Answer 2

• Testes and ovary
  
  • Produce the sex cell or gametes
  • Secrete sex hormones

Question 3

Accessory sex organs

Answer 3

• Glands
• Ducts
• The external genitalia

Question 4

Label

Answer 4

Question 5

Label

Answer 5

Question 6

Ductus deferens gets wider behind the bladder called the ___________.

Answer 6

Ampulla of ductus deferens

Question 7

The external positioning keeps the testes _________ degrees celcius lower than core body temperature.

Answer 7

3

NOTE: This is reuired for sperm production

Question 8

The _____________is the pouch of serous membrane that covers the testes.

Answer 8

tunica vaginalis

NOTE: It is derived from the vaginal process of the peritoneum, which in the fetus precedes the descent of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum. Facilitates testicular movement

Question 9

Label

Answer 9

Question 10

What two muscles keep intrascrotal temp steady?

Answer 10

Dartos

• Smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skin

Cremaster

• Bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes

NOTE: Both muscles are innervated by the genitofemoral nerve

Question 11

Function of testes

Question 12

What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 12

• Lamina parietalis
• Lamina vaginalis

*Below the lamina vaginalis is the tunica albuginea

Question 13

Label

Answer 13

Question 14

How long does sperm stay in the head of the epididymis?

Answer 14

20 days

*During this time, the sperm matures. It then travels to the tail and then to the vas deferens.

Question 15

In the adult, the testis is surrounded by a serous membrane, the production of too much serous fluid results in a _________.

Answer 15

Simple hydrocele

NOTE: Normally, the process vaginalis is pushed through the anterior abdominal wall. The layers are obliterated and liquid cannot go up and down.

Question 16

Criptorchidism

Answer 16

Undescended testis

NOTE: The testes develop in the upper abdominal posterior wall and descend into the developing scrotum, as a result of the gubernaculum getting shorter and shorter.

Question 17

Testes and ovaries descend to the scrotum and pelvic cavity, respectively, through the _________.

Question 18

Where does the round ligament of the uterus terminate?

Answer 18

Labia majora

*Synonymous with scrotum

Question 19

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

Answer 19

• Vas deferens
• Testicular artery
• Pampiniform plexus of veins
• Genitofemoral nerve
• Cremaster muscle

Question 20

Varicocele

Answer 20

Varicose veins in the scrotum

*A varicocele is made up of veins that contain inadequate valves.

Question 21

What is the course of the vas deferens?

Answer 21

• Scrotum
• Tranverses inguinal canal
• Enters pelvis
• Terminates posterior to the bladder and medial to the seminal vesicle

Question 22

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the ducts of the _____________ and ___________.

Answer 22

Vas deferens; seminal vesicle

Question 23

What are the contents of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 23

• 60% of the volume of semen that contains fructose and other nutrients that nourish the sperm
• Fluid with yellow pigment that fluoresces under UV light

Question 24

The ____________ secretes a milky white fluid that mekes up 40% of semen.

Answer 24

Prostate

NOTE: Prostatis is the most common reason for males to visit the urologist

Question 25

In the adult, only the ________ **(female/male)** urethra persists as a duct common to both the urinary and reproductive systems.

Answer 25

Male

Question 26

Label

Answer 26

Question 27

The ejaculatory duct runs in the prostate to end in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 27

Prostatic urethra

Question 28

Which structures are supplied by the inferior vesical artery?

Answer 28

* Lower part of the urinary bladder * Prostate/vagina **NOTE:** The inferior vesical artery may arise from the middle rectal artery or the inferior vesical artery will anastomose with the middle rectal artery.

Question 29

Function of the bulbourethral glands

Answer 29

* Produce a mucus which neutralizes traces of acidic urine in **urethra** and lubricates the urethra to smooth the passage of semen during ejaculation.

Question 30

Bulbourethal glands are located in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

Urogenital diaphragm

Question 31

What is the main cause of penis infection?

Answer 31

Yeast infections \*STDs are the second cause

Question 32

Label

Answer 32

Question 33

What is the course of the superficial dorsal vein?

Answer 33

* Runs backwards in the subcutaneous tissue * Inclines to the right or left * Opens into the corresponding superficial **external pudendal vein** **\***The external pudendal vein drains into the great saphenous vein

Question 34

The superficial dorsal vein of the penis drains the \_\_\_\_---- and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 34

Prepuse and skin of penis

Question 35

The deep dorsal vein is branch of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 35

Internal iliac vein

Question 36

The _________ nerves control genital erection in both sexes.

Answer 36

Pelvic splanchnic nerve \*The pelvic splanic nerve contains parasympathetic fibers from S2 to S4

Question 37

The inferior hypogastric plexus is formed from the joining of _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 37

Hypogastric nerves Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 38

Label

Answer 38

Question 39

As a zygote, egg normally impants on posterior wall of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 39

Fundus

Question 40

Label

Answer 40

Question 41

What is the normal angle betweeen the vaginal canal and the cervix?

Answer 41

90 degrees

Question 42

Function of the ovaries

Answer 42

* Produce female gametes through oogenesis * Produce female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Question 43

Ovaries

Answer 43

* Located in the **pelvic cavity** * Suspended by the **suspensory ligament** * Attached to the _uterus_ by the **ovarian ligament** NOTE: Eggs are ovulated into the peritoneal cavity

Question 44

The _________ of an oviduct provides a window through which bacteria can enter the peritoneal cavity after traveling up the vagina, uterus and oviducts.

Answer 44

Ostium

Question 45

Fibroid tumor

Answer 45

A benign tumor of fibrous tissue that may occur in the myometrium of the uterine wall \*May be totally without symptoms or may cause abnormal menstrual patterns or infertility

Question 46

Label

Answer 46

**NOTE:** The fallopian tube is located between

Question 47

Feritlization usually occurs in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 47

Oviducts \*Movement of the egg is controlled by peristalsis and cilia. Fibrae move egg into the **infundibulum**

Question 48

Label

Answer 48

Question 49

Label

Answer 49

Question 50

Lowest portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 50

Rectouterine pouch **NOTE:** This is a shite where infection and fluids typically collect

Question 51

The peritoneal cavity is completely enclosed except: \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_, and \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 51

* The infundibulum of the oviducts * Fimbriae * Ovary

Question 52

Label

Answer 52

Question 53

Label

Answer 53

Question 54

What are the three parts of the broad ligament?

Answer 54

Mesometrium Mesosalpinx Mesovarium

Question 55

Label

Answer 55

Question 56

In women, a _______________ separates the posterior surface of the vagina from the rectum.

Answer 56

Rectovaginal septum

Question 57

Label

Answer 57

**NOTE:** If the uterosacral ligament becomes too weak then prolaspe occurs and the eggs cannot fertilize.

Question 58

The uterine artery is a branch of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 58

Internal iliac artery **NOTE:** The **vaginal artery** is a branch of the uterine artery

Question 59

The vaginal artery is analogous to the __________ artery in a male.

Answer 59

Inferior vesical **NOTE:** It descends upon the vagina and branches to the neck of the bladder

Question 60

The ureter is crossed by the ________ artery.

Answer 60

Uterine **NOTE:** During a hysterectomy, the ureter can be mistakenly cut instead of the uterine artery.