Overview of sleep Flashcards
How do we measure sleep in a sleep lab
Polysomogram:
Electro-encephalogram (EEG) (changes in neuronal activity)
Electro-myogram (EMG)(muscles)
electrooculogram (EOG) -eye movement
What does the EEG pick up
Different electrical activity -beta alpha theta delta
What happens to Tau in sleep
Tau usually accumulates and forms tangles
In healthy brains it is cleared during sleep
If adolescents don’t have enough sleep what could this lead to
Increase chance of catching common cold
If you don’t get enough sleep what is the adverse effects on body
Adverse metabolic, CV and inflammatory effects
What genes are unregulated during sleep
Those involved in synthesis and maintenance of cell membranes and myelin and immunity
What does sleep deprivation lead to
Increased sleep propensity, compensated by subsequent increased sleep intensity and/or duration
What does sleep deprivation do to glucose metabolism
Decreased glucose metabolism in prefrontal and parietal cortices
What does sleep deprivation do to tau in blood
Increase
May the effects on cognition from sleep deprivation be recognised by the individual
No
What is insomnia
the perception of insufficient or inadequate sleep for 3 weeks or more
What are the types of insomnia
Transient - acute stress, jet lag
Short term: situationl stress (bereavement, conflict at work, pain)
Long term- underlying psychiatric illness, chronic alcohol or drug abuse
What is a good treatment for insomnia for long term change
Non-pharmacological treatment
What is progressuve relaxation therapy
Provides a means for reducing autonomic activity
How is CbT used for insomnia Pre-sleep
Pre-sleep thoughts promote cognitive arousal
CBT provides strategies with:
- a range of strategies that can prevent or interrupt maladaptive thoughts
- ->thought blodking and distraction
- ->Cognitive restructuring (beliefs and attitudes)
When is melatonin secreted
Around 9. Peaks around 2am which is where you have the deepest sleep
How does melatonin secretion change during night
Changes during night. Decreases as you reach morning.
What governs the sleep-wake cycle
Suprachiasmatic nucleus within the hypothalamus
Function of suprachiasmatic nucleus
Encourages production of melatonin to induce tiredness with levels peak between 2-4am
How does the suprachiasmatic nucleus induce wakefullness
Triggers release of cortisol
When is Ach active
Where is it active
During wakefulness and REm sleep
Acctive in forebrain and brainstem
Where is noradrenaline and norepinephrine produced
What does it do
Locus coeruleus
Generates arousal fight/flight response
What does hiistamine do in sleep
Where is it activated
Promotes wakefulness, reducing REM and NREM
Activated in tuberomammillary nucleus
What does 5-HT do
Promotes wakefllness and suppresses REM sleep
