Overview - week 1

Question 1

What is nonspecific in relation to immunity?

Answer 1

the system response to all antigenic insults in the same manner, not specifically to any one type of pathogenic organism

Question 2

What is specific immunity?

Answer 2

the “third line of defense” is conducted by two types of white blood cells called lymphocytes

Question 3

What are the mechanisms of disease (how we get sick)?

Answer 3

Degenerative and regenerative, neoplastic

Question 4

What is degenerative?

Answer 4

aging, wear and tear, loss of functional reserve, suppression

Question 5

What is regenerative (stuff that gets bigger)?

Answer 5

hyperplastic, hypertrophic, remodeling

Question 6

What is hyperplastic?

Answer 6

grown by increasing the cell #’s

Question 7

What is hypertropic?

Answer 7

grown by increasing the cell size

Question 8

What is remodeling?

Answer 8

changing the shape

Question 9

What is neoplastic?

Answer 9

new growth

Question 10

How many different forms of cancer are there?

Answer 10

170

Question 11

What is the mechanism of disease?

Answer 11

a loss of auto regulation of cell growth

Question 12

What is malignant?

Answer 12

oncogenes meeting environmental predisposition
Feline Leukemia virus
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Golden Retriever & Boxer breed situations

Question 13

What is infectious?

Answer 13

characterized by invasive species organisms invading, establishing, and then maintaining presence in a parasitic relationship with cells or tissues
Characteristic is the ability to incite local pathology and to invoke host responses

Question 14

What are some examples of infectious diseases?

Answer 14

Prions, bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses, protozoan, higher life forms

Question 15

What is prions?

Answer 15

piece of a protein (mad cow)

Question 16

What is mycoplasma?

Answer 16

adult pneumonia - superform

Question 17

What is an example of a higher life form?

Answer 17

worms

Question 18

What is inflammatory response?

Answer 18

a response if bacterial or other invaders do gain access to the body a “second line” defense”

Question 19

What happens when a tissue is invaded by microorganisms or injured in any way?

Answer 19

the cells that make up that tissue release enzymes called mediators; these mediators attract white blood cells to the area (chemotaxis), dilate blood vessels, and increase the permeability of the vessels to the area.

Question 20

What are the characteristic, signs of inflammation?

Answer 20

heat, redness, swelling, and pain; occur as a result of the release of these chemical substances

Question 21

What is autoimmunity?

Answer 21

control of the inflammatory cascade is lost against cells and tissues previously regarded as “self” - this is instigated by the host immune system

Question 22

What happens if tissues are recognized as non-self?

Answer 22

they are attacked in the usual manner

• tissue mediated cytotoxic attach and killer cells
• humoral immunity

Question 23

Etiology?

Answer 23

study of the causation or origination of disease

Question 24

idiopathic?

Answer 24

cause of disease is unknown

Question 25

Pathogenesis?

Answer 25

mechanism of development of a disease; it can be acute or chronic

Question 26

Etiopathogenesis?

Answer 26

the cause and development of a disease or abnormal condition

Question 27

Pathophysiology

Answer 27

the disordered physiological processes associated with disease or injury

Question 28

Innate immunity?

Answer 28

genetically programmed

Question 29

immune system?

Answer 29

an efficient system of defense against disease-producing agents

Question 30

Nonspecific immunity is composed of several elements, what are they?

Answer 30

species resistant, mechanical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, interferon, and complement

Question 31

Species resistance refers to?

Answer 31

the genetic ability of a particular species to provide defense against pathogens i.e. canines don't acquire feline leukemia virus

Question 32

What mechanical barrier protects the animal's internal body?

Answer 32

the skin and mucous membranes

Question 33

What is the first line of defense in an animal?

Answer 33

the healthy skin

Question 34

The skin produces what chemical barriers?

Answer 34

the skin produces sebum, mucus, and enzymes that act to inhibit or destroy pathogens

Question 35

What is the second line of defense?

Answer 35

inflammatory response the body reacts to an invasion by microorganisms by releasing enzymes called mediators which attract white blood cells (chemotaxis)

Question 36

What is interferon?

Answer 36

a substance that interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease by preventing their replication within the host cell

Question 37

What is complement?

Answer 37

another group of enzymes is activated during infections. Complement binds to the invading cell wall, producing small holes thus rupturing the foreign cell

Question 38

Disease growth can be?

Answer 38

benign, malignant

Question 39

Infectious diseases is characterized by?

Answer 39

invasive species, organisms invading, establishing and maintaining presence in a parasitic relationship will cells or tissues

Question 40

Infectious diseases can come from?

Answer 40

prions, bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses, protozoan, higher life forms, worms

Question 41

What are prions?

Answer 41

pieces of protein | i.e. mad cow disease

Question 42

What is mycoplasma?

Answer 42

a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin

Question 43

What is the inflammatory response?

Answer 43

heat, redness, swelling, and pain