Ownership and Control of Media Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is Traditional media?
- Non interactive messages communicated to a mass audience, requires little consumer choice but are all homogenous, (similar characteristics)
What is the New Media?
- Emerged in the 20/21st centaury, based on interactive and screen based messages, encourages consumer choice; social media, streaming, TV, computer games, apps
What does ‘Power of the Media’ Mean?
- The media can have a hold over groups and individuals, as society has become more media-saturated, due to the increasing forms of media. Media has become a form of secondary socialisation and has the power to influence peoples identities.
How long does the average Brit spend watching TV as of 2022?
158 minutes
How many active users was TikToK expected to reach by the end of 2024?
1.8 Billion
Who says that in the past 30 years, there has been more information produced than the previous 5000?
Bauman
What are the 5 formal controls of the media?
The Law; Racists & Religious Hatred Act 2006
OfCom; Regulated TV and Radio services, protects consumers, ensures there is a wide range of TV available.
BBC- state owner, funded by TV license fees.
IPSO- Independent press standard organisation
Independent Broadcasting
What is the cast study for Formal Controls?
Levenson Enquiry
Name the six government controls on the media?
- Official Government Press Conferences + Briefing Journalists
- ’ Off- Record Briefings ‘
- Spin Doctors
- Refusal to issue broadcasting licenses
- Refusal to issue specific software’s (China + Google 2010)
- Electronic Surveillance
What is the statistic that refers to the ownership of the Media?
80% of the media is owned by 5 billionaires
What is a Media Mogul?
An individual who owns a significant share of the media company.
Who created ‘Lords of the Global Village’ ?
Bagdikian; The concertation of media ownership is with the Lords of the Global Village who control the information process and dominate mass media.
Name the features of media ownership;
- Vertical Integration: A concertation of ownership within a single medium (one company owning several newspapers)
- Horizontal Integration: media owners having interest in a range of media
- Synergy; Media companies produce and sell a product in a variety of forms.
What do Marxists believe in terms of media ownership;
- The media can manufacture the way the audience sees the world around them
- Aluthsser believes it acts as an ISA to spread the dominant ideology’s of the media owners and put the audiences into a sense of false consciousness in regards to their exploitation.
What does Miliband believe?
Journalists have little choice other to run stories within the boundaries set by the owners. Due to this they produce bias story’s that ridicule groups which challenge that of the dominant class.
What does Morley talk about?
- Dominant Reading; the interpretation of media messages in the way the owners would want audiences to perceive them.
Who found that media owners do interfere and manufacture media content at the expense of their editors to protect their own interests?
- Curran and Seaton
How can we critique Marxist ideas?
- The state regulates the media so not one person can have too much influence.
Outline Pluralist beliefs in regards to media ownership:
Whale; The market demands of the audiences control media content. With a magnitude of options; audiences actively choose what they want to consume and media owners have to meet their demands.
Journalists and editors have integrity and would not allow themselves to be manipulated in the way that media owners suggest.
What Neo Marxist talks about Hegemony?
- Gramsci: When the norms and values of the m/c are taken as common sense. Journalists accept the conservative view of the w/c and share this with the world subconsciously. They spread the dominant ideology without direct control from media owners.
What did Jones find in relation to cultural hegemony?
- 51% of journalists of privately educated.
What do post modernists believe in accordance with media owners and control?
- There has been an increase in choice.
- We live in a media saturated society, we are exposed to media messages constantly, so it would be impossible for owners to control every single one.
Who found that individuals can use media platforms to put across their own narratives and sometimes directly critique the owners of the platforms their using?
Levene
How can we critique PM?
- Barnett and Weymour; there’s an illusion that there’s lots of choice when in reality there is just multiple of the same thing.
