Oxygen and metabolism

Question 1

What part of oxygen contributes to its oxidizing chemistry?

Answer 1

2 unpaired electrons in outer shell

Question 2

What is the evidence for endosymbiosis?

Answer 2

Mitochondria - double membrane, own genome, genes are similar to bacterial genes

Question 3

What does oxygen gradient depend on?

Answer 3

Vasculature and how faraway the tissue/cell is from the blood vessels

Question 4

What are 4 features that make oxygen supply more dynamic?

Answer 4

Vasodilation
Angiogenesis
EPO production
Carotid bodies

Question 5

What are carotid bodies?

Answer 5

Oxygen sensitive ion channels - increase rate/depth of breathing

Question 6

In normoxia, how many molecules of ATP is produced by one molecule of glucose?

Answer 6

38

Question 7

What 3 things does glycolysis produce?

Answer 7

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate

Question 8

If oxygen is present where does pyruvate go?

Answer 8

Into Krebs cycle

Question 9

In hypoxia where does pyruvate go?

Answer 9

Lactic acid is produced

Question 10

What are all 10 glycolytic enzymes regulated by?

Answer 10

HIF

Question 11

How many molecules does the Kreb’s Cycle produce?

Answer 11

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH

Question 12

What happens to NADH in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 12

2 e- H+ NAD+

Question 13

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 13

Across inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 14

Where is oxygen the terminal electron acceptor?

Answer 14

Complex IV

Question 15

What harnesses the huge proton gradient produced by the electron transport chain?

Answer 15

ATP synthase at complex V