oxygen and suction Flashcards
1
Q
is oxygen flammable?
A
no, but it does support combustion
2
Q
how much of atmospheric gases is oxygen
A
21%
3
Q
what is hypoxemia
A
abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood
4
Q
what is hypoxia
A
inadequate oxygen supply at the tissue/cellular level
5
Q
how long can the brain fiction without adequate supply of oxygen
A
no more than 6 minutes
6
Q
what organs are the most sensitive to hypoxia
A
liver, heart and lungs
7
Q
what is the goal of oxygen therapy?
A
maintain adequate tissue oxidation
minimize the oncreased cardiopulmonary workload
8
Q
what is partial pressure
A
the amount of pressure a particular gas contributes to the total pressure
9
Q
air has a pressure of 100kPa, so what is the partial pressure for oxygen
A
21kPa
10
Q
what is oxygen tension
A
the amount of O2 I Nair or arterial blood
11
Q
how is oxygen tension expressed
A
PaO2
12
Q
what does the HCO3- buffer in the bloodstream do
A
prevents excessive acidity from too much CO2
13
Q
what is hypoventilation
A
inadequate ventilation by the lungs
14
Q
how does respiratory acidosis happen
A
hypoventilation causes increase in PaCO2
decreases HCO3-/PaCO2 ratio, decreasing the pH
15
Q
what is hypercapnia
A
increased PaCO2
16
Q
what is metabolic acidosis
A
serious electrolyte disorder
imbalance in the body’s acid-base balance
17
Q
ABG stands for what
A
arterial blood gases
18
Q
what is ABG
A
arterial blood gases
concentration of O2, CO2, HCO3-
acidity and saturation of hemoglobin with O2 (SaO2)
19
Q
what is a normal pH
A
7.35 - 7.45
20
Q
what is a normal PaCO2
A
35-45 mmHg
21
Q
what is a normal PAO2
A
75 - 100 mmHg
22
Q
what is a normal HCO3-
A
22-30 mmol/L
23
Q
what is a normal SaO2
A
95-100%
24
Q
what is happening when PaO2 is below 60mmHg
A
hemoglobin saturation is below 90%
can be assumed inadequate oxygenation of blood
25
what is FiO2
fraction of inspired oxygen
26
what is fraction of inhaled oxygen
volumetric fraction of oxygen in inhaled air
27
what is the FiO2 of natural air
FiO2 0,21
28
what is the typical limit of FiO2, and why
0.5
to avoid oxygen toxicity
29
what is the Horowitz index or Carrico index
comparison between the oxygen level in the blood, versus the oxygen concentration that is being breathed
30
what are the normal breaths per minute for an adult
15-20
31
what are the normal breaths per minute for a child
(1-10ys)
20-30
32
what are the normal breaths per minute for an infant
(under 1y)
30-60
33
a pulse oximeter is used for what
to monitor the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
34
where is the pulse oximetry sensor attached
fingertip or earlobe
35
what 3 arteries are used for ABG
radial artery at wrist
brachial artery
femoral artery at groin
36
how is the flow rate of O2 measured ?
in a flow meter
in LPM
37
what flow rate range comes from the outlet?
0-15 LPM
38
what type of flow meter is this
ball-float flowmeter
39
what is important about using ball-float flow meters
to read from the middle (widest portion) of the ball
40
how much O2 is in a full portable tank
2000lb pressure per sq inch
41
what do the 2 regulator valves on a portable O2 tank show
1- how much oxygen is in the tank
2- rate of flow through the delivery tubing
42
what colour are oxygen tanks
green -universally!!
43
what do portable O2 systems have
regulator with a flowmeter and pressure manometer
44
what do you need to check aboutO2 before pt transport
adequate O2 for transport period and duration of rad procedure
45
portable oxygen system must be __ during transport
secured
46
what is different about MRIs when pt is on O2
aluminum cylinder must be used
47
if the procedure is long, what needs to be done to the portable O2 tank
switched to the wall outlet
48
oxygen delivery devices are divided into
low flow
high flow
49
a low flow delivery devices is what
does not meet the entire inspiratory needs of the pt
50
in low flow systems is O2 constant?
100% available, but inhalation can vary
51
high flow devices aka
fixed O2
precise O2
52
what is a high flow delivery decive
meets the entire inspiratory needs of the pt
53
what is a nasal cannula
most common low flow
disposable plastic with two prongs
54
nasal cannula is attached how
inserted into external nares
looped over ears
55
is a nasal cannula well tolerated
yes! does not interfere with eating, sleeping, or talking
56
what rate is delivered through a nasal cannula
1-4 LPM
57
what concentration is delivered through a nasal cannula
21-60%
58
what LPM is for nasal cannula for children
1/4-1/2LPM
59
what is epistaxis
nosebleeds
60
humidity is added to nasal cannula when
when flow greater than 4LPM (up to 6LPM)
61
what should always be done before placing a nasal cannula
O2 should be on and flow set
to prevent burst of cold air
62
what do O2 masks impede
can be hot and sticky
eating, muffle speech
63
why should potentially vomiting pts be careful with an O2 mask
can increase risk of aspiration
64
simple face masks are for
short term O2 therapy
65
what is the concentration from simple face masks
30-50%
66
what delivery LPM is used with simple face masks
5-10 LPM
67
why must simple face masks be at at least 5LPM
needed to flush exhaled CO2 from within mask
68
what type of system is a non rebreather mask
high flow
69
how does a non rebreather mask work
reservoir bag fills for a constant supply
valves prevent rebreathing and dilution
70
non rebreather masks set at what
15 LPM
71
what concentration do non rebreather masks supply
60-80%
72
what concentration is delivered with partial nonrebreathers
60-90%
73
partial rebreather set at what flow
5-15 LPM
74
how much of the exhaled air can go into the reservoir bag
first 1/3
75
why are partial rebreather masks good
pt inhales O2 AND CO2
co2 in lungs stimulates breathing
76
what is a nebulizer
drug delivery devices for mist forms
high flow
77
what flow for nebulizer
at least 8LPM
78
nebulizers can be used with what
aerosol face masks
ETTs
tracheostomies
79
what conditions are nebulizers used for
cystic fibrosis
asthma
COPD
80
what is a venturi mask
air-entrainment mask
limits and delivers known concentrations
81
what tx are venturi masks used for
controlled oxygen therapy
82
what concentration are venturi masks used for
24-60%
83
what changes the concentration in venturi masks
fixed orifice devices/jets
84
when are O2 tents/hood used
when higher rate of humidity and concentration is required than normal
85
what type of pt are o2 tents/hoods mostly used for
pediatrics
86
what is a potential danger of o2 tents/hoods
using electrical devices in the hood
87
what type of pt sare eligible for transtracheal delivery
persons who require continuous therapy for long preiods
88
what are 2 types of transtracheal delivery
ET tube or tracheostomy
89
what do home oxygen delivery systems use
portable tanks
similar but smaller usually
90
why might liquid o2 be chosen
can be very compressed for convenience, lasts a long time
91
is o2 a medication
yes
92
excessive oxygenation can lead to what
toxic effects on lungs and CNS
depress ventilation
93
how much o2 can healthy pts tolerate
50% FiO2 for 24-48 hours
94
what condition can result from o2 administration
oxygen toxicity
95
what mild and severe conditions result from oxygen toxicity
reversible tracheocronchitis
irreversible parenchymal lung injury
96
why is o2 dangerous for COPD pts
- COPD results in chemoreceptors that no longer respond to CO2
- may require some hypoxemia as stimulus to breathe
- excess oxygen removes this stimulus
97
what thrives in oxygenated environments
infection and bacteria
98
who requires suctioning
pts who are unable to clean their throats of mouths of blood, secretions or vomit
99
suction prevents what
aspiration/pneumonia & respiratory arrest
100
what is a yankuaer
suctioning device
101
suctioning is performed through the
oropharynx
nasopharynx
tracheostomy
102
suctioning should be performed by
RT, nurse, or MD
103
if techs do suction, they must not pass the __
larynx
104
contraindications to suctioning (5)
facial injury
loose teeth/dentures
bleeding esophageal varices
recent nasal, oral, or esophageal surgery
croup
105
what is the common name for
laryngotracheobronchitis
