Oxygen Therapy and Lung Anatomy

Question 1

What are the major features of the lungs?

Answer 1

Bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

Question 2

What are the alveoli?

Answer 2

Microscopic blood vessel-lined sacs in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

Question 3

What is the pleural cavity composed of?

Answer 3

The layers of the membrane lining the lung and chest cavity

Question 4

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 4

2 lobes

Question 5

How many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 5

3 lobes

Question 6

What are the pulmonary functions?

Answer 6

The lungs ability to exchange O2 and carbon dioxide efficiently

Question 7

How is oxygen transported to the body tissues?

Answer 7

Through arterial blood

Question 8

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 8

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the external environment and circulatory system of the body

Question 9

How long can a person last without O2?

Answer 9

4-6 minutes before irreversible brain damage

Question 10

Without O2 what happens to cellular metabolism?

Answer 10

Cellular metabolism ceases and eventually death will occur

Question 11

What is the radiographers role in O2 therapy?

Answer 11

Radiographer must be ready to respond to potentially dangerous changed in the patient’s respiratory condition

Question 12

What should the radiographer reposition O2 equipment?

Answer 12

When the tubes could potentially cause artifacts on the image or become superimposed over anatomy

Question 13

How should a radiographer ensure O2 therapy doesn’t become a source of infection?

Answer 13

Making sure the equipment is single use only and discarded after use

Question 14

Under what conditions should O2 equipment be completely removed from patients?

Answer 14

Under NO circumstance should it be completely removed by radiographers

Question 15

What is the goal of O2 therapy?

Answer 15

To maintain adequate tissue oxygenation while minimizing cardiopulmonary work

Question 16

What are the 4 indications for O2 therapy?

Answer 16

NAME?

Question 17

How can oxygen be supplied to a patient?

Answer 17

Via O2 tanks or wall delivery systems

Question 18

What will happen if oxygen is given at 100%

Answer 18

It will cause damage to the lungs

Question 19

What is the saturation of oxygen hemoglobin called?

Answer 19

SAO2

Question 20

How is the flow rate of oxygen measured?

Answer 20

In LPM (liters per minute)

Question 21

What is the standard oxygen flow rate?

Answer 21

3-5 LPM

Question 22

What happens to O2 when oxygen flow rates are high?

Answer 22

They’re humidified to prevent excess drying of the mucosa

Question 23

What are the two types of O2 devices?

Answer 23

Low flow and high flow devices

Question 24

What are low flow devices also called?

Answer 24

Variable performance devices

Question 25

What are high flow devices also called?

Answer 25

Fixed performance devices

Question 26

Why are high flow delivery devices also called fixed performance devices?

Answer 26

Because the amount of concentration of O2 breathed in by the patient will not change according to their breathing patterns

Question 27

What do high flow delivery devices provide to the patient?

Answer 27

Entire inspiratory volume

Question 28

Why are low flow delivery devices called variable performance devices?

Answer 28

Because the percentage of O2 the patient receives will change with their breathing pattern, respiratory rate and depth of respiration

Question 29

What do low flow delivery devices provide to the patient?

Answer 29

Only part of the inspiratory concentration as it’s dilated by room air

Question 30

Which type of O2 delivery device should be used for patients with chronic COPD?

Answer 30

Low flow delivery device

Question 31

What is an O2 nasal cannula?

Answer 31

A low flow device that is inserted into the nose to deliver O2 to the patient

Question 32

How long can cannulas be used for oxygen therapy?

Answer 32

Short term or Long term use as they don’t obstruct the mouth

Question 33

What is a usual flow rate for nasal cannula?

Answer 33

1-4 LPM at approximately 24-36%

Question 34

Why are flow rates higher than 6 not used with nasal cannula?

Answer 34

Because it causes severe drying of the nasal mucosa and sinus pain

Question 35

What are the 5 other types of oxygen masks?

Answer 35

#NAME?

Question 36

What is a simple oxygen mask?

Answer 36

A mask shaped to fit snugly over the patients mouth and nose that is secured in place by a strap

Question 37

What is a simple oxygen mask?

Answer 37

A mask shaped to fit snugly over the patients mouth and nose that is secured in place by a strap

Question 38

How long should simple oxygen masks be used?

Answer 38

For short term use only, as they become hot, uncomfortable and prevent the patient from eating/drinking while its on

Question 39

What are the standard flow rates for simple oxygen masks?

Answer 39

Flow rates over 5 LPM that can be delivered at 35-60% oxygen

Question 40

What is a non-rebreather mask?

Answer 40

An O2 mask with a reservoir bag attached to a one-way valve that prevents exhaled air from being re-breathed

Question 41

What are features of non-rebreather masks?

Answer 41

Provide the highest concentration of oxygen and are the most precise mean of oxygen administration

Question 42

What is a partial rebreather mask?

Answer 42

Similar to a non-rebreather mask in that it has a reservoir, but it does not contain a one-way valve

Question 43

What is an aerosol mask?

Answer 43

O2 mask that is used when high concentration of O2 and humidity are needed

Question 44

How does an aerosol mask work?

Answer 44

It’s attached to a bottle of distilled water to provide the high concentrations of humidity

Question 45

What are the standard flow rates of aerosol masks?

Answer 45

Flow rates less than 6 LPM and O2 concentrations between 21-100%

Question 46

What is an air-entrainment mask?

Answer 46

An O2 mask that provides an accurate source of maintaining O2 concentrations

Question 47

What are the O2 concentration values of an air-entrainment mask?

Answer 47

24%, 28%, 35%, 40% or 50%

Question 48

What is an oxygen tent?

Answer 48

O2 delivery device that is used when there is need fir humidity and higher concentrations of O2 than the room air

Question 49

Who primarily uses oxygen tents?

Answer 49

Pediatric patients so that it covers their beds

Question 50

What is an oxygen hood?

Answer 50

An O2 delivery device only used for infants by covering their head

Question 51

What O2 concentrations can be delivered by an oxygen hood?

Answer 51

Concentrations between 21-100%

Question 52

What is a ventilator?

Answer 52

An artificial airway inserted into the trachea and connected to a mechanical device to deliver a preset volume of oxygen therapy at a constant rate

Question 53

What are mechanical ventilators commonly called?

Answer 53

Respirators

Question 54

What does mechanical ventilators control?

Answer 54

1. Respiratory rate 2. Volume

Question 55

What should be done if ventilator alarms go off during imaging?

Answer 55

Should never be reset or turned off by an RT