Oxygenation

Question 0

anaerobic metabolism

Answer 0

utilizing alternate metabolic pathways in the absence of oxygen for short periods of time

Question 1

aerobic metabolism

Answer 1

utilization of food (glucose) for cellular energy occurs via metabolic pathways that use oxygen

Question 2

anemia

Answer 2

a deficiency of hemoglobin

Question 3

angina pectoris

Answer 3

pain caused by myocardial ischemia

Question 4

atelectasis

Answer 4

alveolar collapse

Question 5

atherosclerosis

Answer 5

narrowing and eventual occlusion of the lumen (opening of the arteries)

Question 6

ischemia

Answer 6

deprivation of blood flow

Question 7

infarction

Answer 7

necrosis or death

Question 8

heart failure

Answer 8

condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

Question 9

dead space

Answer 9

alveolar regions will be well ventilated but poorly perfused

Question 10

shunting

Answer 10

alveolar may be well perfused but poorly ventilated

Question 11

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatching

Answer 11

condition in which perfusion and ventilation of the lung areas are not adequately balanced.

Question 12

ventilation

Answer 12

the movement of air into and out of the lungs for the purpose of delivering fresh air into the lungs alveoli

Question 13

hypoxemia

Answer 13

a decrease in blood oxygen concentration

Question 14

oxygen uptake and external respiration

Answer 14

the exchange of oxygen form the alveolar space into the pulmonary capillary blood

Question 15

work of breathing

Answer 15

the amount of muscular energy is required to accomplish ventilation

Question 16

oxyhemogloblin dissociation curve

Answer 16

graphic representation of the relationship between the PAO2 and oxygen saturation

Question 17

cardiac cycle

Answer 17

single cycle of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation

Question 18

cardiac conduction system

Answer 18

electrical activity of the heart involves the generation and transmission of electrical current by specialized cardiac cells

Question 19

diastole

Answer 19

process of chamber filling

Question 20

systole

Answer 20

process of chamber emptying

Question 21

pre capillary sphincters

Answer 21

smooth muscle surrounding the smallest arterioles that control blood flow through the capillary beds.

Question 22

autoregulation

Answer 22

redistribution of blood flow to the areas of the greatest need

Question 23

obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 23

occurs when the airways become partially or completely blocked, diminishing airflow, or the lungs lose some of their elastic recoli, trapping stale air, which should be exhaled.

Question 24

restrictive pulmonary disease

Answer 24

pathologies that impair the ability of the chest wall and lungs to expand during the inspiratory phase of ventilation

Question 25

cardiac output

Answer 25

amount of blood pumped by the heart

Question 26

hypoxia

Answer 26

prolonged oxygen deprivation, will lead to a syndrome ending in cellular death

Question 27

tachypnea

Answer 27

respiratory rate greater than 24 breaths per minute

Question 28

hypercapnia

Answer 28

elevation of carbon dioxide levels in the blood indication inadequate alveolar ventilation

Question 29

cyanosis

Answer 29

bluish coloration of the skin

Question 30

gallops

Answer 30

extra heart sounds

Question 31

murmurs

Answer 31

sounds produced by blood flowing through a malfunctioning valve

Question 32

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 32

sudden attacks of dyspnea during sleep

Question 33

sleep apnea

Answer 33

airway obstruction during sleep

Question 34

intermittent claudication

Answer 34

ischemia to the extremities mostly the legs

Question 35

postural drainage and chest physiotherapy

Answer 35

techniques intended to promote the drainage of secretion from the lungs