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RLE-107 > Oxygenation > Flashcards

Oxygenation Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the respiratory system

A

GAS EXCHANGE

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2
Q

It required for cell functioning.

A

OXYGEN

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2
Q

Give the components of upper respiratory tract

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Nose
  3. Pharynx
  4. Larynx
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3
Q

Components of lower respiratory tract

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Bronchi
  3. Bronchioles
  4. Alveoli
  5. Pulmonary capillary network
  6. Pleural membranes
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3
Q

An action of air flowing out of lungs

A

EXPIRATION

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4
Q

Pulmonary ventilation consists of:

A
  1. Inspiration
  2. Expiration
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4
Q

It is the expansibility or stretchability of lung tissue

A

LUNG COMPLIANCE

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4
Q

It is an action of air flowing into lungs

A

INSPIRATION

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5
Q

It is the continual tendency of lungs to collapse away from the chest wall

A

LUNG RECOIL

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6
Q

Factors that affect lung compliance & recoil

A
  1. Intrapleural pressure
  2. Intrapulmonary pressure
  3. Tidal volume
  4. Atelectasis
  5. Surfactant
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7
Q

What happens during inspiration?

A
  1. Diaphragm and intercostals contract.
  2. Thoracic cavity size increases.
  3. Volume of lungs increases.
  4. Intrapulmonary pressure decreases.
  5. Air rushes into lungs to equalize pressure.
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7
Q

What happens during expiration?

A
  1. Diaphragm and intercostals relax.
  2. Volume of the lungs decreases.
  3. Intrapulmonary pressure rises.
  4. Air is expelled
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8
Q

Occurs after alveoli are ventilated.

A

ALVEOLAR GAS EXCHANGE

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8
Q

_____ _____ on each side of respiratory membranes affect diffusion.

A

PRESSURE DIFFERENCES

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8
Q

It is the pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture according to its concentration in the mixture

A

PARTIAL PRESSURE

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8
Q

It is transported from lungs to tissues

A

OXYGEN

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8
Q

What is the percentage of O2 that combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells and is carried to tissues as oxyhemoglobin.

A

97%

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8
Q

The rate of transport of oxygen is affected by:

A
  1. Cardiac output
  2. Number of RBC and blood hematocrit
  3. Exercise
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9
Q

CARBON DIOXIDE

___ % is carried inside RBCs as bicarbonate.

___% combines with hemoglobin as carbahemoglobin.

___% transported in solution in plasma and as carbonic acid.

A
  1. 65%
  2. 30%
  3. 5%
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9
Q

Normal hematocrit in men & women

A

Men: 40-54%
Women: 37-50%

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9
Q

It is transported from tissues to lungs and is continually produced in process of cell metabolism

A

CARBON DIOXIDE

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10
Q

Diffusion down to capillary-tissue-cell level is comparable to capillary-alveolar level in the lungs.

A

SYSTEMIC DIFFUSION

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11
Q

It determines the direction of diffusion

A

PRESSURE GRADIENT

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12
Q

Includes both neural and chemical controls to maintain correct concentrations

A

RESPIRATORY REGULATION

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12
Location of respiratory center in the brain
1. Medulla oblongata 2. Pons
12
These are located in medulla oblongata that respond to changes in blood and hydrogen ion concentration.
CHEMOSENSITIVE RECEPTORS
12
This is characterized by extreme inspiratory effort with no chest movement and an inability to cough or speak.
COMPLETELY OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY
12
Factors affecting respiratory function
1. Age 2. Environment 3. Lifestyle 4. Health status 5. Medications 6. Stress
12
When this happens, arterial PO2 rises and PCO2 falls. The person may experience light-headedness and numbness and tingling of the fingers, toes, and around the mouth as a result
HYPERVENTILATION
12
It is released during stress that causes the bronchioles to dilate, increasing blood flow and oxygen delivery to active muscles.
EPINEPHRINE
12
Harsh, high-pitched sound in inspiration
STRIDOR
12
An abnormally slow respiratory rate, which may be seen in clients who have taken drugs such as morphine or sedatives, who have metabolic alkalosis, or who have increased intracranial pressure (e.g., from brain injuries)
BRADYPNEA
12
It is indicated by low-pitched snoring during inhalation
PARTIALLY OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY
12
Refers to the rate, volume, rhythm, and relative ease or effort of respiration
BREATHING PATTERNS
12
Normal respiration, is quiet, rhythmic, and effortless.
EUPNEA
12
Rapid respiration; is seen with fevers, metabolic acidosis, pain, and hypoxemia
TACHYPNEA
12
Increased levels of carbon dioxide
HYPERCARBIA/HYPERCAPNIA
12
Inadequate alveolar ventilation, may be caused by either slow or shallow breathing, or both
HYPOVENTILATION
12
Absence of any breathing
APNEA
12
Low levels of oxygen in the blood
HYPOXEMIA
13
Is the increased movement of air into and out of the lungs. During hyperventilation, the rate and depth of respirations increase and more CO2 is eliminated than is produced.
HYPERVENTILATION
14
A type of hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis by which the body attempts to compensate for increased metabolic acids by blowing off acid in the form of CO2
KUSSMAUL BREATHING
15
Rhythmic waxing, waning of respirations from very deep to very shallow with short periods of apnea commonly caused by chronic diseases, increased intracranial pressure, or drug overdose
CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATIONS
16
Cluster respirations, shallow breaths interrupted by apnea; may be seen in clients with CNS disorders.
BIOT
17
Difficulty breathing while lying down
ORTHOPNEA
17
Difficulty breathing
DYSPNEA
17
Condition of insufficient oxygen in body tissue
HYPOXIA
17
Bluish discoloration of skin, nail beds, mucous membranes due to reduced hemoglobin-oxygen saturation
CYANOSIS
18
Conditions that decrease cardiac output
> Congestive heart failure > Hypovolemia
18
Are noninvasive tests that show how well the lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow,
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
19
Maintains moist mucous membranes to aid removal of secretions
HYDRATION
20
These are used to deliver humidity and medications.
NEBULIZERS
21
These are devices that add water vapor to inspired air
HUMIDIFIERS
21
Aspirating secretions through a catheter connected to suction machine or wall suction outlet
SUNCTIONING
21
Is the drainage by gravity of secretions from various lung segments.
POSTURAL DRAINAGE
21
An estimation of the oxygen content a person inhales and is thus involved in gas exchange at the alveolar level.
FiO2 (Fraction of inspired oxygen)
22
This involves giving the client breaths that are greater than the tidal volume set on the ventilator through the ventilator circuit or via a manual resuscitation bag.
HYPERINFLATION
23
This can be done with a manual resuscitation bag or through the ventilator and is performed by increasing the oxygen flow (usually to 100%) before suctioning and between suction attempts. This is the best technique to avoid suction-related hypoxemia.
HYPEROXYGENATION
23
collection of air in the pleural space
PNEUMOTHORAX
24
accumulation of blood in the pleural space
HEMOTHORAX
25
excessive fluid in pleural space
PLEURAL EFFUSION

RLE-107 (5 decks)

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