oxygenation

Question 1

components of a respiratory assessment

Answer 1

O2
cap refill, skin turgor, oral mucosa dry or moist
LOC
position of child
skin color
RR, lung sounds
accessory muscle use? nasal flaring
retractions

Question 2

respiratory anatomy differences between children and adults

Answer 2

diameter of airway is smaller in children than adults
children more prone to obstruction/inflammation/infection

Question 3

manifestations of respiratory distress in infants

Question 4

manifestations of respiratory distress in children

Question 5

back to sleep campaign

Answer 5

no co sleeping
infant on back
nothing in crib

Question 6

tonsillectomy nursing care

Answer 6

monitor for hemorrhage
maintain airway
analgesics for pain 24hrs
NPO until fully awake
no citrus, milk, ice cream
resume normal activity 1-2wks after surgery
avoid gargling, coughing

Question 7

otitis media patho

Answer 7

middle ear infection
inflammation
common under 24 months
pull pinna down and back in children
earlier onset, higher chances of recurrent infections

Question 8

manifestations of otitis media

Answer 8

infant: crying, refusal to feed, fussiness
child: crying, irritable, loss of appetite, lethargy

Question 9

otitis media treatment

Answer 9

antibiotics- finish whole course
acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain
PCV13/ breastfeeding is preventative

Question 10

what is watch waiting for otitis media?

Answer 10

wait for up to 72hrs for children less than 6 months if there is no fever or severe pain present

Question 11

bronchiolitis patho

Answer 11

viral
bronchioles are narrow or occluded due to inflammatory process

usually caused by RSV

Question 12

manifestations of bronchiolitis

Answer 12

edema in bronchioles
mucus production
inflammation of bronchioles

Question 13

bronchiolitis treatment

Answer 13

respiratory droplet precautions
antibiotics can not treat this virus
humidification
airway suctioning, HOB elevated
RSV vaccine during fall or spring

Question 14

RSV vaccine in pregnant moms when?

Answer 14

3rd trimester to pass down to baby

Question 15

foreign body ingestion

Answer 15

1-3 years of age
dyspnea, cough, stridor, wheezing, cyanotic, cant speak

chest x-ray or bronchoscopy

Question 16

foods to avoid in children for ingestion

Answer 16

hot dogs
balloons
peanuts
grapes
popcorn
gum
peanut butter
plastic caps
markers
batteries

Question 17

asthma patho

Answer 17

inflammatory lung disorder of the small and large airways that cause obstruction
watch for allergic salute/allergic shriners (shiny bags under eyes)

Question 18

asthma triggers

Answer 18

allergies
air quality
weather
exercise
infection cold/flu

Question 19

peak flow meter

Answer 19

every morning for asthma
daily dose even with no symptoms
zone/color determines what activity child can do

Question 20

mild asthma

Answer 20

symptoms greater than 2 times per week but less than one per day

Question 21

moderate asthma

Answer 21

symptoms daily

Question 22

severe asthma

Answer 22

daily symptoms throughout entire day

Question 23

asthma treatment

Answer 23

monitor RR, bronchodilators increase HR
diagnosed after 5yrs of age after all spirometry testing is done
SABAS- rescue meds
LABAS - daily meds

Question 24

LABAS

Answer 24

daily meds for asthma
inhaled corticosteroids

Question 25

SABAS

Answer 25

short acting - rescue meds anticholinergics inhaler/ nebulizer treatment

Question 26

is asthma cureable?

Answer 26

no, chronic disease reversible cannot outgrow asthma

Question 27

cystic fibrosis patho

Answer 27

hereditary dysfunction of exocrine glands autosomal recessive lungs, sweat glands, pancreas, liver are blocked by mucus

Question 28

cystic fibrosis manifestations

Answer 28

salty sweat meconium ileus - 1st sign cant fully absorb nutrients progressive pancreas damage malabsorption NA+ cant get into body, goes into skin

Question 29

cystic fibrosis treatment

Answer 29

sweat chloride test replace pancreatic enzymes before every meal vibration vest 1-4 times a day increase fat, protein and calorie intake clear mucus from airways bronchodilators possible lung transplant

Question 30

pancreatic enzyme use

Answer 30

given to prevent malnutrition capsules before every meal and snack

Question 31

vitamin e

Answer 31

antioxidants protects cells

Question 32

vitamin a

Answer 32

growth and immune function

Question 33

vitamin d

Answer 33

calcium and phosphate levels

Question 34

vitamin k

Answer 34

blood clotting

Question 35

vitamin c

Answer 35

increases absorption of other meds

Question 36

croup

Answer 36

viral infection of middle respiratory tract inflammation and edema most common least severe

Question 37

focused assessment of croup

Answer 37

stridor is the main sign focus on RR and O2 irritability, barky cough, fever chest x-ray

Question 38

croup treatment

Answer 38

corticosteroids manage at home with humidity hydration hospitalization for progressive stridor and resp distress

Question 39

epiglottitis

Answer 39

true medical emergency rapid swelling of airway inlet/obstruction bacterial infection pneumonia is most common

Question 40

epiglottitis focused assessment

Answer 40

x-ray of neck NOTHING BY MOUTH sudden sore throat high fever tripod position 3 D's dysphagia, dystonia, drooling

Question 41

epiglottitis treatment

Answer 41

NO MEDS BY MOUTH antibiotics, IV therapy, oxygen, Hib vaccine do not look in throat