Oxygenation

Question 1

Mechanics of ventilation?

Answer 1

Moving air in and out of lungs

Question 2

Mechanics of perfusion?

Answer 2

CV system pumping oxygenated blood & oxygen to the tissues then returns deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 3

Mechanics of diffusion?

Answer 3

Exchange of gases (O2 and CO2) across membranes in alveola and alveoli membranes

Question 4

How to assess ventilation?

Answer 4

depth of breathing, RR, chest rise/fall

Question 5

How to assess perfusion?

Answer 5

capillary refill, O2 sat, skin color

Question 6

How to assess diffusion?

Answer 6

ABG’s

Question 7

What is Hyperkapnia?

Answer 7

High level of CO2

Question 8

What triggers a COPD patient to breath?

Answer 8

Low level of O2

Question 9

Is oxygen therapy good for COPD patients?

Answer 9

No, O2 levels are elevated, trigger to breath is removed

Question 10

What do crackles sound like?

Answer 10

Popping sound
Heard during inspiration
Not cleared by coughing

Question 11

What do wheezes sound like?

Answer 11

Singing, High Pitched during inspiration and expiration

Not cleared by coughing

Question 12

What does rhonchi sound like?

Answer 12

Low pitched, snoring

Cleared by coughing

Question 13

What does Pleural friction rub sound like?

Answer 13

Squeaky saddle, low pitch

not cleared by coughing

Question 14

What do oxygen orders include?

Answer 14

Flow rate, delivery system, duration, instructions

Question 15

What does delivery include?

Answer 15

Flow meter, supply, tubing, device, Humidifier if over 4L/min

Question 16

Nasal cannula FiO2 and rates

Answer 16

26-44% FiO2 on rates of 1-6 L/min

Question 17

Vapotherm/High-flow nasal cannula FiO2 and rates

Answer 17

35-100% FiO2, 1-40 L/min

O2 is warm and humidified

Question 18

Simple face mask FiO2 and rates

Answer 18

35-50% FiO2, 6-12L/min must be at least 5 L/min

Question 19

Non rebreather mask FiO2 and rates

Answer 19

60-90% FiO2, 10-15L/min. Reservoir bag must be inflated 2/3 full, 1-way valve to prevent rebreathing of CO2

Question 20

What is FiO2?

Answer 20

Fraction of inspired oxygen

Question 21

What is FiO2% of Room Air? How much % does oxygen therapy add per L?

Answer 21

21% FiO2 Room Air

Oxygen Therapy adds 3% per L

Question 22

Describe a rebreather mask

Answer 22

Inhale some of CO2 from reservoir bag, for hyperventilation/alkalosis

Question 23

Describe a Venturi Mask

Answer 23

Specific volume of O2 for accurate low concentrations. 24-60% delivery

Question 24

Who are face tents used for?

Answer 24

Claustrophobic patients

Question 25

Describe a Trach mask

Answer 25

Gives humidified air to trachea

Question 26

List purposes of chest tubes

Answer 26

- Remove air or fluid from pleural space for negative pressure - Reestablish intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressure - Reexpand the lungs - Post-op

Question 27

Care for patient tubes

Answer 27

- Dislodged tube: cover site with gauze and tape 3 sides. NOTIFY HCP - Broken drainage system: insert tube 1 inch in bottle of sterile water and get replacement - DO NOT CLAMP WITHOUT HCP ORDER (only for tubing changing, air leaks, or before tube removal) - NOT RECOMMENDED TO MILK TUBING

Question 28

What culture is taken for TB test?

Answer 28

Sputum culture

Question 29

If more than one inhaler is used what order do you give them in?

Answer 29

Use bronchodilator(Albuterol) first, then Corticosteroid(Advair) next

Question 30

What is a fast way to get medication into respiratory tract?

Answer 30

Nebulizers

Question 31

What structures are found in the Upper Respiratory Tract? Functions?

Answer 31

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx Nose humidifies air Epiglottis protects aspirations into lower respiratory tract

Question 32

What structures are found in the Lower Respiratory Tract?

Answer 32

Trachea, Carina. Primary Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli

Question 33

Name the 2 layers of the lung

Answer 33

``` Chest Wall (parietal Pleura) Lung Tissue (Visceral Pleura) ```

Question 34

What is surfactant?

Answer 34

Maintains surface tension and prevents collapse

Question 35

What is Atelactasis?

Answer 35

Collapse of Alveoli

Question 36

How do accessory muscles help with oxygenation?

Answer 36

Can increase lung volume, prolonged use will result in fatigue

Question 37

Where does does diffusion occur?

Answer 37

Alveolar capillary membrane

Question 38

What influences the capacity of blood to carry O2?

Answer 38

- Amount of HGB (RBCs)- transports O2 from lungs to tissues and binds some CO2 to return to lungs - Iron Availability - Ability of HGB to bind with CO2 - Amount of O2 dissolved in plasma

Question 39

What regulates breathing?

Answer 39

Cerebral Cortex- voluntary control of breathing | Medulla Oblongota-sends signals to muscles that control respirations

Question 40

Where is deoxygenated blood transported to?

Answer 40

To right side of heart then flows to lungs. Oxygenated blood travels from lungs to left side of heart then to the tissues.