Urine Elimination (Test 5)

Question 1

Action of Kidneys?

Answer 1

Excrete urine and secrete hormones

Question 2

5 things that occur in Urine elimination as we grow older

Answer 2

Ability to hold urine and bladder capacity decrease

Risk of incontinence, frequency of contractions, and irritability increases

Question 3

How does Alcohol affect fluid intake?

Answer 3

Increases production of urine

Question 4

How do caffeine and other irritants affect fluid intake?

Answer 4

Increases frequency, incontinence, and urgency

Question 5

What can DM, MS, and stroke result in?

Answer 5

Overactivity of bladder or insufficient emptying

Question 6

What can administration of anesthetic agents result in ?

Answer 6

Retention of urine

Question 7

What is Anuria?

Answer 7

Volume of <100ml/24s; kidneys shut down; put on dialysis

Question 8

What is Dysuria?

Answer 8

Painful Urination

Question 9

What is Polyuria?

Answer 9

Excessive volume of urination

Question 10

What is Oliguria?

Answer 10

Diminished volume of urine

Question 11

What is Hematuria?

Answer 11

Bloody Urine

Question 12

What is Nocturia?

Answer 12

Waking up with urge to urinate

Question 13

What is Enuresis?

Answer 13

Involuntary urinating at night (Bedwetting)

Question 14

What is Dribbling?

Answer 14

Involuntary leaking

Question 15

What is Acute retention?

Answer 15

Sudden inability to void

Question 16

What is chronic retention?

Answer 16

Bladder not completely emptying during void

Question 17

How much volume per hour of urine is normal? What decreases urine output?

Answer 17

30ml/hr

Shock

Question 18

Normal vs abnormal color of urine

Answer 18

Normal: yellow & amber, pale/straw
Abnormal: pink, red orange

Question 19

Clarity of urine

Answer 19

Cloudy vs. clear, sediment

Question 20

What does malodorous urine indicate?

Answer 20

Infection

Question 21

Lab & Diagnostic tests

Answer 21

Blood tests: BUN/creatinine, electrolytes
Random Urinalysis: not effective
Clean catch/specimen(UA, C&S): typical
Sterile Specimen
Timed specimen
Dipstick UA: Bedside

Question 22

Normal pH

Answer 22

4.6-8

Question 23

Protein value in Urine

Answer 23

up to 8 mg/ 100ml

Question 24

Glucose value in urine

Answer 24

not normally present

Question 25

Ketones value in urine

Answer 25

not normally present

Question 26

Blood

Answer 26

not normally present

Question 27

specific gravity

Answer 27

1.0053 to 1.03

Question 28

Osmolality

Answer 28

250-900 mOsm/kg

Question 29

(Microscopic exam) RB

Answer 29

up to 2

Question 30

WBC

Answer 30

0-4 per low field

Question 31

Bacteria

Answer 31

not normally present (less than 1,000 colonies/ml)

Question 32

Casts

Answer 32

not normally present

Question 33

Crystals

Answer 33

not normally present

Question 34

What is a Urine Culture?

Answer 34

Sterile specimen, takes 48-72 hours to identify organisms. Broad spectrum can be started after specimen collected

Question 35

What is Urine Sensitivity?

Answer 35

Identifies antibiotic to which organism responds

Question 36

Diagnostic Exams

Answer 36

``` KUB CT scan IV pyelogram Ultrasound Endoscopy-cystoscopy (most invasive) ```

Question 37

What is KUB?

Answer 37

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder

Question 38

What is a CT scan used for in urinary elimination?

Answer 38

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra; if patient has kidney stone

Question 39

What is an IV pyelogram?

Answer 39

Uses contrast. Used to view how blood flows through kidneys

Question 40

What is an ultrasound used for in urinary elimination?

Answer 40

Soundwaves to view organs

Question 41

What is an endoscopy-cystoscopy?

Answer 41

Invasive procedure, insert camera into bladder

Question 42

Process and implications of Cystoscopy, Cystourethoscopy

Answer 42

NEED CONSENT NPO, Bowel Prep Possible Anesthesia Post-Procedure: Bedrest for short time; assess first void(pink tinge is ok, large amount is not normal) Assess for retention, bleeding, spasms, and pain ENCOURAGE FLUIDS