(P) Lesson 4: Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

Question 1

According to the CDC, these are illnesses that spread from one person to another, an animal to a person, or a surface to food

Answer 1

Communicable Diseases

Question 2

“Communicable diseases can impact resource-constrained communities and are linked to a complex range of overlapping determinants of health” what organization made this statement?

Answer 2

Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO)

Question 3

T or F: Environmental change manifests in a simple web of ecologic and social factors that can impact disease

Answer 3

False (it is a COMPLEX web)

Question 4

T or F: Environmental changes directly impact disease transmission rate

Answer 4

True

Question 5

This refers to the outcome of the interplay between environmental change and the transmission cycle of a pathogen

Answer 5

Disease Burden

Question 6

This system uses a pre-arranged sample of sources coming from physicians, hospitals, or clinics who have agreed to report on the cases of specific notifiable diseases

Answer 6

Hospital Sentinel Surveillance System (HSSS)

Question 7

What does FHSIS stand for?

Answer 7

Field Health Services Information System

Question 8

What does PIDSR stand for?

Answer 8

Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance Response System

Question 9

This type of surveillance by the PIDSR involves a systematic collection and analysis of data to protect local communities

Answer 9

Case Surveillance

Question 10

This type of surveillance by the PIDSR involves an organized and rapid capture of epidemiological data on acute public health threats

Answer 10

Event-based Surveillance

Question 11

This system can detect where an outbreak can occur at any point in communities

Answer 11

Community-based Disease Surveillance System

Question 12

This system relies on the collection of information with regards to microorganisms tested in the laboratory

Answer 12

Laboratory Surveillance System

Question 13

Quarantine Health Services and Information Systems are provided by what department in the national governent?

Answer 13

Bureau of Quarantine (BOQ)

Question 14

This enables the reporting of any epidemic alerts in real time at low cost and at low resource use; it leverages the capacity of community members to carry out surveillance activities within their respective communities

Answer 14

Community-based Disease Surveillance System

Question 15

T or F: A Community-based Disease Surveillance System cannot temporarily replace nor strengthen existing surveillance systems

Answer 15

False (it can temporarily replace and it can strengthen other surveillance systems)

Question 16

T or F: The Community-based Disease Surveillance System cannot ensure early detection and response

Answer 16

False (it can)

Question 17

What does IFRC stand for?

Answer 17

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Question 18

What are the three components to the IFRC’s epidemic preparedness surveillance pyramid?

Answer 18

Emergency (top), Preparedness (middle), and Community Health Promotion and Risk Reduction (bottom)

Question 19

T or F: Population awareness in community participation is the key to surveillance preparenedness

Answer 19

False (the key is investments and funding)

Question 20

These are driven by rapid, unplanned urbanization, globalization of unhealthy lifestyles and population aging

Answer 20

Non-Communicable Diseases

Question 21

T or F: NCDs kill over 31 million people each year (74% of deaths worldwide)

Answer 21

False (41 million)

Question 22

T or F: People who die from NCDs commonly don’t reach 70

Answer 22

True

Question 23

T or F: 86% of deaths caused by NCDs are from high-class and developed countries

Answer 23

False (low and middle-class countries)

Question 24

What disease accounts for the most NCD-related deaths?

Answer 24

Cardiovascular Diseases

Question 25

These are the four major diseases that cause NCD-related deaths

Answer 25

Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory illnesses, and diabetes

Question 26

T or F: There are 5 groups of diseases that account for over 80% of all premature NCD deaths

Answer 26

False (there are only 4)

Question 27

T or F: Palliative care is included in the key components of the response to NCDs

Answer 27

True

Question 28

T or F: People of all age groups, regions, and countries can be affected by NCDs

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T or F: Over 17 million NCD-related deaths occur after the age of 70

Answer 29

False (before 70)

Question 30

What are the top 4 modifiable risk factors?

Answer 30

Unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco, and harmful substance abuse

Question 31

This targets to reduce the probability of death from any of the four main NCDs between ages 30-70 years by one-third by the year 2030

Answer 31

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Question 32

T or F: Poverty is linked with NCDs

Answer 32

True

Question 33

T or F: Funds for the supposed poverty reduction were used for healthcare costs

Answer 33

True

Question 34

This was prepared for the Ministry of Health of the Philippines by WHO and UNDP in 2019

Answer 34

Prevention and Control of NCDs in the Philippines

Question 35

T or F: The healthcare sector can shoulder all risk reduction tasks that need to be done in the community

Answer 35

False (all sectors should collaborate to reduce risks and promote interventions)

Question 36

T or F: Detecting, screening, and treating NCDs and providing access to palliative care are delivered through a public health care approach

Answer 36

False (a PRIMARY health care approach)

Question 37

This intervention was shown to have the highest economic benefit

Answer 37

Salt-reduction Interventions

Question 38

RA 10351 (2012)

Answer 38

Sin Tax Reform Law

Question 39

RA 10963 (2017)

Answer 39

Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN)

Question 40

NCD maintenance medicine is under the provision of what program?

Answer 40

Medicines Access Program of the DOH

Question 41

These mobile health programs comprise of a quit-line and smoking-cessation clinics

Answer 41

STOPSMOKE

Question 42

This action plan addresses stunting, overweight, and obesity

Answer 42

Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (2017-2022)

Question 43

How many demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Convention on tobacco control has the country accomplished?

Answer 43

2 out of 5

Question 44

RA 10643 (2014)

Answer 44

Graphic Health Warnings Law

Question 45

EO 26 (2017)

Answer 45

Providing for the Establishment of Smoke-free Environments in Public and Closed Spaces

Question 46

A psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties that has been widely used in many cultures

Answer 46

Alcohol

Question 47

T or F: Harmful drinking and TB and HIV/AIDS have a causal relationship

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What does DALYs stand for?

Answer 48

Disability-Adjusted Life Years

Question 49

According to the Food and Nutrition Research Institute and DOST in 2015, what percent of adults were not sufficiently physically active?

Answer 49

43%

Question 50

T or F: Men are more physically inactive than women

Answer 50

False (women are more physically inactive (53%) than men (30%) especially those living in urban areas)

Question 51

T or F: Physical inactivity has a causal relationship with coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, and breast and colon cancer

Answer 51

True

Question 52

T or F: Sodium intake in the country has been estimated to be less than twice as high as the WHO recommendation

Answer 52

False (MORE THAN twice as high as the WHO recommendation)

Question 53

T or F: High sodium intake may cause stomach cancer and increased risks for ischemic heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases due to hypertension

Answer 53

True