p/s gap filling

Question 1

schizophrenia

Answer 1

perceptual abnormalities, like hallucinations as well as delusional and disjointed thought patterns

Question 2

shizotypal personality disorder

Answer 2

odd and disturbed thought patterns as well as perceptual distortions that lead the individual to attribute excessive personal significance to normal events. Typically do not include hallucinations

Question 3

shizoid personality disorder

Answer 3

feeling of separation, coldness, apathy towards others.

Question 4

cultural diffusion

Answer 4

spread of specific cultural phenomenon from one society to another

Question 5

cultural assimilation

Answer 5

process by which one culture resembles another

Question 6

culture lag

Answer 6

material culture evolves faster than symbolic culture

Question 7

symbolic interactionism

Answer 7

study of how people interact through the collective understanding of symbols and their meanings

Question 8

mores

Answer 8

A norm based on societal sense of right and wrong. There might be harsher consequences for breaking a more than a folkway, but still relatively light. Examples include lying or adultery.

Question 9

taboos

Answer 9

informal laws that forbid certain things, such as incest

Question 10

folkways

Answer 10

informal customs that are socially approved but not morally significant.

Question 11

controlled vs automatic processing

Answer 11

controlled: completing an action that is unfamiliar
automatic: completing an action that is very familiar

Question 12

stage 1 sleep

Answer 12

theta waves, NREM

Question 13

stage 2 sleep

Answer 13

theta waves, sleep spindles (bursts of activity), NREM

Question 14

stage 3 and 4 sleep

Answer 14

delta waves, deepest sleep, NREM

Question 15

stage 5 sleep

Answer 15

beta waves, REM sleep

Question 16

shadowing

Answer 16

repeating information given into a specific ear

Question 17

negative correlation

Answer 17

fewer errors in one section lead to higher scores in other sections

Question 18

IQ scale

Answer 18

normalized to a mean of 100, and a SD of 15. 68% (more than two thirds) will be between 85 and 115.

Question 19

hypothalamus

Answer 19

maintain homeostatic equilibrium.

Question 20

What affect might stimulants have on the body

Answer 20

may cause an increase in glucose metabolism, as stimulants have a similar physiological effect to stress

Question 21

Why is continuous reinforcement important in the beginning of operant conditioning?

Answer 21

schedule unambiguously informs the subject which behavior is correct

Question 22

instinctual drift

Answer 22

phenomenon whereby established habits, learned using operant techniques, eventually are replaced by innate food-related behaviors

Question 23

operant extinction

Answer 23

weakening and eventual stop of the voluntary, conditioned response

Question 24

aging does NOT diminish

Answer 24

crystalline intelligence, the ability to retrieve general information

Question 25

declarative information

Answer 25

SAME AS EXPLICIT MEMORY (facts and information)

Question 26

semantic memory

Answer 26

long term, general knowledge

Question 27

socialization

Answer 27

process of learning the norms and vlaues in a society. An agent of socialization is parts of society that are important for socialization. (school, family, friends, religion, music)

Question 28

culture transmission

Answer 28

how culture is learned.

Question 29

proximal stimulus

Answer 29

stimulus registered by sensory receptors

Question 30

incentive stimulus

Answer 30

external stimulus such as a condition or an object that enhances the motivation for a behavior

Question 31

distal stimulus

Answer 31

actual physical stimulus

Question 32

psychophysical discrimination testing

Answer 32

directly assesses our perception of stimuli in relation to their true physical properties

Question 33

partial report technique

Answer 33

when in memory testing they flash a square with 9 numbers total and ask the subject to recall only one row they are able to do it perfectly.

Question 34

operational span testing

Answer 34

a widely used task to assess working memory capacity, in which participants try to remember sequentially presented words in their correct order while simultaneously solving simple math equations.

Question 35

practice effect

Answer 35

Practice effects occur when a participant in an experiment is able to perform a task and then perform it again at some later time.

Question 36

proactive interference

Answer 36

when memories from the past interfere with your ability to remember new information

Question 37

sensitive period

Answer 37

also known as critical point, a point in early development that can have a significant influence on physiological or behavioral functioning later in life.

Question 38

incentive theory

Answer 38

how factors outside of individuals can motivate behavior. THese can be community, culture, money, etc...

Question 39

exchange rational choice

Answer 39

Rational choice theory: people are motivated to do things based on what is best for them exchange theory: this is an application of the rational choice theory onto societal interactions.

Question 40

social epidemiology

Answer 40

contribution of social and cultural factors to disease in populations

Question 41

social cognitive theory

Answer 41

also known as social learning theory, suggests behaviors are learned through observing others and modeling their actions.

Question 42

intersectionality

Answer 42

identity categories intersect in a system of social stratification.

Question 43

functionalism

Answer 43

focuses on the purpose, on the function of the behavior. William James

Question 44

looking-glass self

Answer 44

self-concept is influenced by how we perceive that others are viewing us.

Question 45

how does fMRI measure brain activity

Answer 45

measure brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow

Question 46

parallel processing

Answer 46

ability of the brain to simultaneously process incoming stimuli of differing quality.

Question 47

interposition

Answer 47

monocular cue in which one object partially obscures or covers another object, giving the perception the object that is partially covered is farther away

Question 48

accomadation

Answer 48

the way we modify our cognitive schemas in order to incorporate new information or experiences

Question 49

place theory

Answer 49

we hear different pitches because different areas of the cochlea respond to higher and lower pitches

Question 50

priming uses...

Answer 50

implicit memory. Priming creates an unconscious response to something

Question 51

fluid intelligence

Answer 51

the ability to be adaptable and solve problems somewhat quick

Question 52

alzehimers

Answer 52

loss of memory, cognitive disfunction, decline in implicit memory, difficulty speaking

Question 53

independent vs dependent stressors

Answer 53

independent stressors are independent of ones actions. (ex: death of a loved one) Dependent stressors = stressful events that they influence

Question 54

General Adaptation syndrome

Answer 54

alarm, resistance, exhaustion. Exhaustion = PROLONGED STRESS

Question 55

unidirectional relationship

Answer 55

a relationship between two unrelated things

Question 56

reciprocal relationship

Answer 56

give and take... relationship between two factors that influence each other

Question 57

corpus callosum

Answer 57

nerve fibers that connect the cerebral hemisphere. If there is a leisure in this region, information on one side of the brain may have a hard time reaching the other side. For example: a person can speak a word that is being projected to the right visual field, but cannot process a word being projected to the left visual field. (right visual field goes to the left side of the brain to be verbalized by language centers)

Question 58

cognitive dissonance

Answer 58

beliefs different from actions. tend to change attitudes to match their behavior rather than the other way around