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physics paper 1 > p1 > Flashcards

p1 Flashcards

1
Q

name the eight energy stores

A
  1. kinetic
  2. thermal
  3. gravitational potential
  4. magnetic
  5. elastic
  6. chemical
  7. electrostatic
  8. nuclear
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2
Q

what is meant by a system?

A
  • an object or a group of objects
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3
Q

when a system changes - what happens?

A
  • energy is transferred
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4
Q

what is a closed system?

A
  • when energy or matter cannot enter or leave
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5
Q

how is energy transferred when throwing a ball in the air?

A

chemical to kinetic

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6
Q

how is energy transferred when dropping a ball?

A

gravitational to kinetic

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7
Q

how is energy transferred when a car breaks?

A

kinetic to thermal

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8
Q

how is energy transferred during a collision between a moving and stationary object?

A

kinetic to elastic and thermal

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9
Q

what is specific heat capacity?

A
  • the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degrees
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10
Q

what is the conservation of energy principle?

A
  • energy can be transferred, stored or dissipated but it cannot be created or destroyed.
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11
Q

what is meant by dissipated energy?

A
  • energy that is wasted or lost during a reaction
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12
Q

what is power?

A
  • the rate at which energy is transferred (work done).
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13
Q

what is the unit of power?

A
  • watts
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14
Q

name the two equations used to calculate power

A
  • power = energy transferred/time
  • power = work done/time
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15
Q

describe the energy transfer in the pendulum (the weight hung)

A
  • when the ball goes up, it has maximum gravitational energy.
  • when it goes to the bottom, it has maximum kinetic energy.
  • energy is transferred to gravitational energy to kinetic back to gravitational energy.
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16
Q
  • how can lubrication reduce frictional forces?
A
  • a thin layer is formed so two surfaces don’t rub against each other.
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17
Q

what is conduction?

A
  • how thermal energy travels through solids.
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18
Q

what is convection?

A
  • when particles with lots of heat energy replace particles with less heat energy.
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19
Q

how can you reduce heat loss in a house?

A
  1. cavity walls
    - the air gap reduces the amount of energy lost
    - reduces energy transfer by convection
  2. double-glazed windows
    - they trap the heat
    - they have an air gap between two glasses, which prevents energy transfer by conduction.
  3. loft insulation
    - reduces convection currents
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20
Q

what is efficiency?

A
  • efficiency tells us what fraction of energy we put into an appliance is transferred to useful energy.
21
Q
A
22
Q

what is meant by non-renewable resources?

A
  • a resource that cannot be replace once used.
23
Q

name three non-renewable resources

A
  1. coal
  2. oil
  3. gas
24
Q

state the advantages and disadvantages of non-renewable resources

A

advantages =
- reliable
- releases lots of energy
- cheap
disadvantages =
- releases lots of CO2
- it will run out
- burning fossil fuels can release pollutants

25
Q

what is meant by renewable resources?

A
  • a source that can be replenished as it is used
26
Q

name seven renewable energy resources

A
  1. wind power
  2. solar power
  3. geothermal
  4. wave power
  5. hydroelectric power
  6. tidal power
  7. biofuels
27
Q

how do wind turbines work?

A
  • they use wind to generate electricity.
  • the wind turns the blades of a turbine around a rotor, which spins a generator and creates electricity.
28
Q

state the advantages of using wind turbines to generate electricity

A
  • useful when the weather is windy.
  • does not release co2
29
Q

state the disadvantages of using wind turbines to generate electricity

A
  • wind power does not work when it is not windy
  • spoils the view
  • unreliable
30
Q

how do solar cells work?

A
  • they use sunlight to generate electricity
31
Q

state the advantages of using solar cells to generate electricity

A
  • renewable
  • no pollution
32
Q

state the disadvantages of using solar cells to generate electricity

A
  • they do not work on cloudy days
  • expensive
33
Q

how does geothermal work?

A
  • they use steam to produce electricity
34
Q

state the advantages of using geothermal to generate electricity

A
  • always available
  • renewable
  • silent energy
35
Q

state the disadvantages of using geothermal to generate electricity

A
  • requires specific locations
  • expensive
  • generates waste
36
Q

how do tidal barrages work?

A
  • they use kinetic energy from the tide coming in, through a turbine, to generate electricity.
37
Q

state the advantages of using tidal barrages to generate electricity

A
  • reliable
  • energy efficient
  • no pollution
38
Q

state the disadvantages of using tidal barrages to generate electricity

A
  • environmental impact (could be harmful to the wildlife)
  • expensive
  • requires specific location
39
Q

how does hydroelectric power work?

A
  • dam is built so water can flow through.
  • they use kinetic energy to turn a turbine and generate electricity.
40
Q

state the advantages of using hydroelectric power to generate electricity

A
  • no pollution
  • produces lots of energy
41
Q

state the disadvantages of using hydroelectric power to generate electricity

A
  • habitats are destroyed (when dams are built)
  • expensive
42
Q

how does wave power work?

A
  • wave machines use the kinetic energy in waves to drive electricity generators.
42
Q

state the advantages of using wave power to generate electricity

A
  • reliable
  • no pollution
43
Q

state the disadvantages of using wave power to generate electricity

A
  • expensive
  • requires specific location
44
Q

what is biofuel made from?

A
  • plant materials
45
Q

what kind of energy is biofuel?

A
  • renewable
46
Q

state the advantages of using biofuel

A
  • no pollution
47
Q

state the disadvantages of using biofuel

A
  • if land is used to grow crops for fuel, that could increase the price of food.
  • species lose habitat

physics paper 1 (4 decks)

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