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GCSE Physics > P1 Energy > Flashcards

P1 Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 different types of energy stores?

A
  • Thermal
  • Kinetic
  • Gravitational
  • Elastic
  • Chemical
  • Magnetic
  • Electrostatic
  • Nuclear
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2
Q

What are the different ways energy can be transferred? (Pathways)

A
  • Mechanically
  • Electrically
  • Heating
  • Radiating
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3
Q

How is energy transferred by heating with a kettle and water?

A
  • Energy is transferred to the water by heating into the water’s thermal energy store which causes the temperature to rise
  • Energy is electrically transferred to the thermal energy store of the kettle’s heating element, which transfers energy by heating to the water’s thermal energy store
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4
Q

Work done

A
  • Energy transferred

- Work can be done when current flows or by a force moving an object

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5
Q

Give examples of work done

A
  • Initial force exerted by a person throwing a ball
  • A ball falling
  • Friction between the cars breaks
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6
Q

Movement

A
  • Anything that moves has it’s own kinetic energy store

- If energy is transferred to, then the object speeds up and from the object slows down

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7
Q

What is the effect of mass and speed on the kinetic energy store of an object?

A

The greater the mass and the faster it is going means the more energy there will be in the Kinetic energy store

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8
Q

Kinetic energy formula

A

E(k) = 1/2 * mv ^ 2

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9
Q

GPE

A
  • Lifting an object in a gravitational field requires work which causes a transfer of energy to the gravitational potential energy store of the raised object
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10
Q

What factors effect GPE?

A
  • Mass
  • Height
  • Strength
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11
Q

GPE equation

A

E(p) = mgh

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12
Q

What transfer of energy happens with falling objects?

A
  • Energy form the gravitational potential energy store is transferred to its kinetic energy store
  • When there is no air resistance, the energy lost from g.p.e store is the same amount of energy gained in the kinetic energy store
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13
Q

Elastic potential energy

A
  • Stretching or squashing an object can transfer energy to its elastic potential energy
  • As long as the limit of proportionality has not been exceeded, energy in the eps store
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14
Q

EPE equation

A

E(0) = 1/2k * e ^ 2

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15
Q

Specific Heat Capacity

A
  • Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of substance by 1 degrees celcius
  • More energy needs to be transferred to the thermal energy store to increase their temperature than others
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16
Q

Specific Heat Capacity equation

A

change in thermal energy (E) = mc * change in temperature (degrees celcius)

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17
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred

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18
Q

What is ‘wasted energy’?

A

Dissipated energy is energy that is being stored in a way that is not useful

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19
Q

Power

A

Power is the rate of energy transfer, or the rate of doing work

20
Q

What is power measure in?

A

Watts. (1 watt = 1 joule of energy transferred per second)

21
Q

Power equations

A 
Power = Energy transferred / time
Power = Work done / time
22
Q

What is a powerful machine?

A

A machine that transfers a lot of energy in a short space of time

23
Q

What does lubrication do to frictional forces?

A

Reduces frictional forces

24
Q

Give examples of frictional forces

A

Air resistance

25
Q

What objects help remove frictional forces?

A

Lubricants

26
Q

Conduction

A
  • Particles vibrate and collide more with each other

- Energy is transferred between the particles’ kinetic energy stores

27
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

A measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material in this way

28
Q

Convection

A
  • Warmer and less region will rise above denser, cooler regions
  • Energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions
29
Q

What are some methods to reduce energy transfer by heating (Insulation)

A
  • Thick walls made from a material with a low thermal conductivity
  • Thermal insulation
  • Loft insulation
  • Double-glazed windows
  • Draught excluders
  • Cavity wall insulation
30
Q

Efficiency equation

A

Useful output energy transfer / total input energy transfer

useful power output / total power input

31
Q

Why is no device 100% efficient?

A

Energy is usually transferred to useless thermal energy stores

32
Q

What are the 3 main non-renewable energy resources?

A
  • Coal
  • Oil
  • Natural gas
33
Q

Give some main renewable energy resources

A
  • The sun
  • Wind
  • Water waves
  • Hydro-electricity
  • Bio-fuel
  • Tides
  • Geothermal
34
Q

What are some uses of non-renewable resources?

A
  • Heating

- Transport

35
Q

Wind power

A
  • Wind turbines in exposed places like moors and coasts
  • No pollution
  • Very noisy
  • Initial cost is high
  • No permanent damage
36
Q

Solar power

A
  • No pollution
  • Remote places
  • Very reliable source in the daytime
  • Can’t increase the power output
  • Initial costs are high
37
Q

Geothermal power

A
  • Use the slow decay of various radioactive elements deep inside the earth
  • Does minor damage to the environment
  • Aren’t many suitable locations
38
Q

Hydro-electric power

A
  • No pollution
  • Flood allows kinetic energy
  • Immediate response
  • Cause rotting to the environment
  • Initial costs are high but no fuel costs
39
Q

Wave power

A
  • No pollution
  • Fairly unreliable
  • Initial costs are high but it is never likely to provide energy on a large scale
40
Q

Tidal barrages

A
  • Big damns built across river estuaries
  • No pollution
  • Tides produces by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon
  • Initial costs are moderately high, but no fuel costs and minimal running costs
41
Q

Bio fuels

A

Renewable energy resources created from either plant products or animal drug

42
Q

Are bio fuels carbon neutral?

A
  • Arguably if you grow plants at the rate you are growing things
43
Q

Are biofuels reliable?

A
  • Semi reliable
  • They cannot respond to immediate energy demands
  • The cost is very high
44
Q

are non-renewables reliable?

A
  • Yes

- They can respond to immediate energy demands very quickly

45
Q

What are some environmental problems of non-renewable resources?

A
  • CO2 is released and contributes to global warming
  • Sulfur dioxide can cause acid rain
  • Coal mining messes the landscape
  • Oil spillages cause serious environmental problems
  • Nuclear waste is very dangerous and difficult to dispose of
46
Q

What are some environmental problems of non-renewable resources?

A
  • CO2 is released and contributes to global warming
  • Sulfur dioxide can cause acid rain
  • Coal mining messes the landscape
  • Oil spillages cause serious environmental problems
  • Nuclear waste is very dangerous and difficult to dispose of

GCSE Physics (7 decks)

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