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GCSE Physics > P6 Waves > Flashcards

P6 Waves Flashcards

1
Q

Waves

A

A way for energy to be transferred without transferring matter

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2
Q

How do waves transfer energy?

A
  • The medium the waves travel through oscillate and transfer energy between each other, but overall stay in the same place
  • Waves transfer energy in the direction they are travelling
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3
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position

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4
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from the same point on the two adjacent waves (usually the peak)

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5
Q

Frequency

A

The number of completed waves passing a certain point per second

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6
Q

Hz

A

Measures frequency

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7
Q

Transverse waves

A
  • Oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of transfer energy
  • All electromagnetic waves
  • Ripples and waves in water
  • A wave on a string
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8
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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9
Q

Wave speed eq =

A

Frequency * wavelength

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10
Q

What is used to measure the speed of sound?

A

Oscilloscope

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11
Q

What are the 3 things that can happen a wave meets a boundary between 2 materials?

A
  • The wave is absorbed by the second material and transfers the wave energy to the material’s energy stores
  • The wave is transmitted through the second material and the wave carries on travelling through the new material which often leads to refraction
  • The wave is reflected, where it is not absorbed or transmitted. This is how echoes are created
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12
Q

What determines what happens to a wave at boundaries?

A

The wavelength and the properties of the material

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13
Q

Electromagnetic waves are what type of waves?

A

Transverse waves

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14
Q

Electromagnetic waves transfer energy from a … to an …

A

source (emitter), absorber

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15
Q

EM waves travel at …

A

the same speed through air or a vacuum (as they are vibrations of electric and magnetic fields)

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16
Q

Radio waves wl

A

1m - 10^4 m

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17
Q

Micro waves wl

A

10^-2 m

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18
Q

Infra red wl

A

10^-5 m

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19
Q

Visible light wl

A

10^-7 m

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20
Q

Ultra violet wl

A

10^-8 m

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21
Q

X rays wl

A

10^-10 m

22
Q

Gamma rays wl

A

10^-15 m

23
Q

Refraction

A

The change in direction at a boundary

24
Q

What happens to the speed if a wave travels along the normal?

A

It will change speed but not refracted

25
Q

What happens if a wave hits the boundary at an angle?

A

It refracts

26
Q

What happens if the wave bends towards the normal

A

It slows down and if it bends away from the normal it speeds up

27
Q

Optical density

A

Measures how quickly light can travel through it (the higher the optical density, the slower light waves travels through it)

28
Q

Rays

A

Straight lines that are perpendicular to wave fonts and show the direction a wave is travelling in

29
Q

Wave front

A

A line showing all of the points on a wave that are in the same position sa each other after a given number of wavelengths

30
Q

What affects how much a wave is refracted by?

A

The density of 2 materials

31
Q

Radio waves sources

A
  • Radio
  • TV
  • Satellites
  • Control
  • RFID tags
32
Q

Radio waves effects on the body

A

• Travel through body without doing harm or being observed

33
Q

Radio waves main use and how it works

A
  • Radio waves carry signals between your phone nearest phone mast
  • This is done by alternating the current in an electrical current
34
Q

Microwaves sources

A
  • Mobile Phones
  • Oven
  • Microwave
  • Grill
  • TV transmitters
35
Q

Microwave effects on the body

A

• Heat caused by microwaves can damage cells if exposed for a certain amount of time

36
Q

Microwaves main use and how they work

A
  • Main use is in microwaves
  • They do this by penetrating into the food a few cm
  • Water molecules absorb them casuing water to heat up
  • Water cooks food
37
Q

Infrared radiation sources

A
  • Thermal cameras
  • Night cameras
  • TV Remote
  • Optical Fibres
  • Cooking and Heating
38
Q

Infrared radiation effects on the body

A

• Infrared can be reflected off skin/

absorbed but if exposed for long then it can cause problems

39
Q

Infrared radiation main use and how it works

A
  • Infra red cameras capture IR rays that are coming towards it
  • They are then turned into an electrical signal
  • Displayed on screen
40
Q

Visible light sources

A
  • Normal cameras
  • Photography
  • Vision
  • Photosynthesis
  • Solar Power systems
  • Fibre Optic Communication
41
Q

Visible light effects on the body

A

• A lot of light can concentrate heat and therefore damage cells if exposed for a long time

42
Q

Visible light main use and how it works

A
  • Optical fibre cables are used with light
  • It is entered through one way
  • Reflected many times untill the end
  • Allows for faster wifi
43
Q

Ultraviolet sources

A
  • Sun tan beds
  • Security markers
  • Flourescent lamps
  • Detecting forged bank notes
  • Disenfecting water
44
Q

Ultraviolet effects on the body

A

• UV is dangerous because the waves are frequent enough to ionise the cells leading to mutations or cancer

45
Q

Ultraviolet main use and how it works

A
  • Security pens can be used with UV
  • UV radiation is absorved and visible light is then emmitted
  • This can also be used in money
46
Q

Xrays sources

A
  • Medical X-rays
  • Exploring inner structure
  • Airport Security Scanners
  • Killing Cancer Cells
47
Q

Xrays effects on the body

A

• Similar to UV waves so it can cause damage to cells eventually leading to cancer or mutations

48
Q

Xrays main use and how it works

A
  • Xrays are used for obviously “xrays”
  • They pass straight through objects if they aren’t too dense or thick
  • They stop and reflect at more dense things and produce am image
49
Q

Gamma rays sources

A
  • Radiation
  • Nuclear bombs
  • Sterilising food
  • Sterilising equipment
  • Killing cancer cells
50
Q

Gamma rays effects on the body

A

• Gamma rays are dangerous because they can kill cells as they carry the most energy per second

51
Q

Gamma rays main use

A

• Treating cancer

52
Q

What is the measurement of harm from the body being exposed to radiation?

A

Sieverts

GCSE Physics (7 decks)

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