P1 - Energy For The Home

Question 1

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is amplitude?

Answer 1

Displacement from rest position to crest of wave.

Question 2

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is the wavelength?

Answer 2

Length of full cycle of wave (from crest to crest)

Question 3

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is the frequency of a wave?

Answer 3

Number of complete cycles/oscillations passing a certain point per second.

Question 4

P1 - Energy For The Home

What are the standard units (SI) in a wave equation?

Answer 4

Meters, seconds, m/s and hertz (Hz)

Question 5

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is the law of reflection?

Answer 5

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

Question 6

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is heat a measure of?

Answer 6

Energy

Question 7

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is temperature a measure of?

Answer 7

Hotness - measures average kinetic energy of particles.

Question 8

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is specific latent heat?

Answer 8

Amount of energy needed to boil/melt 1kg of material without changing its temperature.

Question 9

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is conduction?

Answer 9

Conduction of heat is process where vibrating particles pass on extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.

Question 10

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 10

Amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1kg of substance by 1°C

Question 11

P1 - Energy For The Home

What is convection?

Answer 11

Convection occurs when more energetic particles move from hotter region to cooler region - and take their energy with them.

Question 12

P1 - Energy For The Home

What can conduction occur in?

Answer 12

Mainly solids - liquids and gases conduct heat more slowly.

Question 13

P1 - Energy For The Home

What can convection occur in?

Answer 13

Liquids and gases

Question 14

P1 - Energy For The Home

How is heat radiation different to convection and conduction?

Answer 14

It doesn’t need a medium, so can occur in a vacuum.

Question 15

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does infrared radiation cook food?

Answer 15

(Grills and toasters) heat is absorbed by surface and then energy is conducted or convected to more central parts.

Question 16

P1 - Energy For The Home

How do microwaves cook food?

Answer 16

Penetrate 1cm into outer layer. Absorbed by water/fat molecules increasing their kinetic energy - conducted or convected to other parts of food.

Question 17

P1 - Energy For The Home

How do you calculate payback time?

Answer 17

payback time = initial cost ÷ annual saving

Question 18

P1 - Energy For The Home

What colours on a thermograph show hot areas?

Answer 18

White, yellow and red

Question 19

P1 - Energy For The Home

What colours on a thermograph show cold areas?

Answer 19

Black, dark blue and purple

Question 20

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does loft insulation save energy?

Answer 20

Fibreglass wool across loft floor reduces conduction through ceiling into roof space.

Question 21

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does a hot water tank jacket save energy?

Answer 21

Reduces conduction

Question 22

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does double glazing save energy?

Answer 22

2 layers of glass with air gap between reduces conduction

Question 23

P1 - Energy For The Home

How do thick curtains save energy?

Answer 23

Reduces conduction and radiation through windows

Question 24

P1 - Energy For The Home

How does draught-proofing save energy?

Answer 24

Strips of foam and plastic around doors and windows stop hot air going out - reducing convection

Question 25

# P1 - Energy For The Home How do cavity walls and insulation save energy?

Answer 25

2 layers of bricks with a gap between them reduces conduction. Some energy still lost by convection. Insulating foam in gaps traps pockets of air - minimises convection.

Question 26

# P1 - Energy For The Home What causes total internal reflection?

Answer 26

If angle of incidence is bigger than critical angle - each material has a different critical angle.

Question 27

# P1 - Energy For The Home What determines the amount of diffraction?

Answer 27

Size of gap relative to wavelength. Narrower gap, or longer wavelength, more wave spreads out.

Question 28

# P1 - Energy For The Home What happens if a gap is the same size as a wavelength?

Answer 28

Get a diffraction pattern of light and dark fringes

Question 29

# P1 - Energy For The Home What are the EM waves in order from largest wavelength to smallest?

Answer 29

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infra Red, Visible light, Ultra Violet, X-rays, Gamma Rays.

Question 30

# P1 - Energy For The Home What is ionisation?

Answer 30

Where an atom or molecule either loses or gains electrons - can be dangerous.

Question 31

# P1 - Energy For The Home What is special about the waves in a laser?

Answer 31

All waves are same wavelength and frequency (makes the light monochromatic). All waves in phase, increasing amplitude - coherent. Have low divergence; beam is narrow and stays narrow at long distances.

Question 32

# P1 - Energy For The Home Why are long wavelengths good at transferring information over long distances?

Answer 32

They don’t get absorbed by Earth's atmosphere as much as waves in middle of spectrum or those with high frequency.

Question 33

# P1 - Energy For The Home How far away can long wave radio waves be received?

Answer 33

(wavelength = 1-10km) can be transmitted from one place and received halfway around the world - diffract around Earth's curved surface.

Question 34

# P1 - Energy For The Home How far away can short wave radio waves be received?

Answer 34

(wavelength about 10m - 100m) can be received at long distances from transmitter - reflection in ionosphere

Question 35

# P1 - Energy For The Home What is diffraction?

Answer 35

Waves spread out at edges when passing through a gap/past an object.

Question 36

# P1 - Energy For The Home What is refraction?

Answer 36

Wave changes speed due to a change in density. If wave hits a substance at an angle, it changes direction.

Question 37

# P1 - Energy For The Home Displacement from rest position to crest of wave.

Answer 37

What is amplitude?

Question 38

# P1 - Energy For The Home Length of full cycle of wave (from crest to crest)

Answer 38

What is the wavelength?

Question 39

# P1 - Energy For The Home Number of complete cycles/oscillations passing a certain point per second.

Answer 39

What is the frequency of a wave?

Question 40

# P1 - Energy For The Home Meters, seconds, m/s and hertz (Hz)

Answer 40

What are the standard units (SI) in a wave equation?

Question 41

# P1 - Energy For The Home Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

Answer 41

What is the law of reflection?

Question 42

# P1 - Energy For The Home Energy

Answer 42

What is heat a measure of?

Question 43

# P1 - Energy For The Home Hotness - measures average kinetic energy of particles.

Answer 43

What is temperature a measure of?

Question 44

# P1 - Energy For The Home Amount of energy needed to boil/melt 1kg of material without changing its temperature.

Answer 44

What is specific latent heat?

Question 45

# P1 - Energy For The Home Conduction of heat is process where vibrating particles pass on extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.

Answer 45

What is conduction?

Question 46

# P1 - Energy For The Home Amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1kg of substance by 1°C

Answer 46

What is specific heat capacity?

Question 47

# P1 - Energy For The Home Convection occurs when more energetic particles move from hotter region to cooler region - and take their energy with them.

Answer 47

What is convection?

Question 48

# P1 - Energy For The Home Mainly solids - liquids and gases conduct heat more slowly.

Answer 48

What can conduction occur in?

Question 49

# P1 - Energy For The Home Liquids and gases

Answer 49

What can convection occur in?

Question 50

# P1 - Energy For The Home It doesn't need a medium, so can occur in a vacuum. Can only occur through transparent substances like air/glass/water. Amount of radiation emitted/absored depends on surface colour and texture.

Answer 50

How is heat radiation different to convection and conduction?

Question 51

# P1 - Energy For The Home Like in grills and toasters heat is absorbed by surface and then energy is conducted or convected to more central parts.

Answer 51

How does infrared radiation cook food?

Question 52

# P1 - Energy For The Home They penetrate 1cm into outer layer and absorbed by water/fat molecules increasing their kinetic energy - this is then conducted or convected to other parts of food.

Answer 52

How do microwaves cook food?

Question 53

# P1 - Energy For The Home payback time = initial cost ÷ annual saving

Answer 53

How do you calculate payback time?

Question 54

# P1 - Energy For The Home White, yellow and red

Answer 54

What colours on a thermograph show hot areas?

Question 55

# P1 - Energy For The Home Black, dark blue and purple

Answer 55

What colours on a thermograph show cold areas?

Question 56

# P1 - Energy For The Home Fibreglass wool laid across loft floor reduces conduction through ceiling into roof space.

Answer 56

How does loft insulation save energy?

Question 57

# P1 - Energy For The Home Reduce conduction

Answer 57

How does a hot water tank jacket save energy?

Question 58

# P1 - Energy For The Home 2 layers of glass with air gap between reduces conduction

Answer 58

How does double glazing save energy?

Question 59

# P1 - Energy For The Home Reduces conduction and radiation through windows

Answer 59

How do thick curtains save energy?

Question 60

# P1 - Energy For The Home Strips of foam and plastic around doors and windows stop hot air going out - reducing convection

Answer 60

How does draught-proofing save energy?

Question 61

# P1 - Energy For The Home 2 layers of bricks with a gap between them reduces conduction but some energy still lost by convection. Insulating foam in gaps traps pockets of air to minimise convection.

Answer 61

How do cavity walls and insulation save energy?

Question 62

# P1 - Energy For The Home If angle of incidence is bigger than critical angle - each material has a different critical angle.

Answer 62

What causes total internal reflection?

Question 63

# P1 - Energy For The Home Size of gap relative to wavelength. Narrower gap, or longer wavelength, more wave spreads out.

Answer 63

What determines the amount of diffraction?

Question 64

# P1 - Energy For The Home You can get a diffraction pattern or light and dark fringes

Answer 64

What happens if a gap is the same size as a wavelength?

Question 65

# P1 - Energy For The Home Radio waves, Micro waves, Infra Red, Visible light, Ultra Violet, X rays, Gamma Rays.

Answer 65

What are the electromagnetic waves in order from largest wavelength to smallest?

Question 66

# P1 - Energy For The Home Where an atom or molecule either loses or gains electrons - can be dangerous.

Answer 66

What is ionisation?

Question 67

# P1 - Energy For The Home All waves are the same wavelength and frequency (makes the light monochromatic). All waves are in phase, increasing the amplitude - said to be coherent. Lasers have low divergence; beam is narrow and stays this way even at long distances.

Answer 67

What is special about the waves in a laser?

Question 68

# P1 - Energy For The Home They don’t get absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere as much as waves in the middle of the spectrum or those with high frequency.

Answer 68

Why are long wavelengths good at transferring information over long distances?

Question 69

# P1 - Energy For The Home (wavelength of 1-10km) can be transmitted from one place and received halfway around the world because they diffract around the Earth's curved surface.

Answer 69

How far away can long wave radio waves be received?

Question 70

# P1 - Energy For The Home (wavelength about 10m - 100m) can be received at long distances from the transmitter because of reflection in the ionosphere

Answer 70

How far away can short wave radio waves be received?

Question 71

# P1 - Energy For The Home When waves spread out at the edges when they pass through a gap or past an object.

Answer 71

What is diffraction?

Question 72

# P1 - Energy For The Home When a wave changes speed due to a change in density. If the wave hits a substance at an angle, it changes direction.

Answer 72

What is refraction?

Question 73

# P1 - Energy For The Home What is frequency measured in?

Answer 73

Hertz (Hz). 1Hz = 1 wave per second.

Question 74

# P1 - Energy For The Home Hertz (Hz). 1Hz = 1 wave per second.

Answer 74

What is frequency measured in?

Question 75

# P1 - Energy For The Home What scale is heat measured on?

Answer 75

Absolute scale (can't go lower than 0 because there is a limit to how slow particles can move)

Question 76

# P1 - Energy For The Home Absolute scale (can't go lower than 0 because there is a limit to how slow particles can move)

Answer 76

What scale is heat measured on?

Question 77

# P1 - Energy For The Home What can radiation occur through?

Answer 77

Can only occur through transparent substances like air/glass/water.

Question 78

# P1 - Energy For The Home What determines the amount of radiation emitted?

Answer 78

Depends on surface colour and texture.

Question 79

# P1 - Energy For The Home Can only occur through transparent substances like air/glass/water.

Answer 79

What can radiation occur through?

Question 80

# P1 - Energy For The Home Depends on surface colour and texture.

Answer 80

What determines the amount of radiation emitted?